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Background: The p53 family p63 is essential for the proliferation and differentiation of various epithelial basal cells. It is overexpressed in several cancers, including salivary gland neoplasia. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are thought to play a crucial role in carcinogenesis, and HDAC inhibitors downregulate p63 expression in cancers. Methods: In the present study, to investigate the roles and regulation of p63 in salivary duct adenocarcinoma (SDC), human SDC cell line A253 was transfected with siRNA-p63 or treated with the HDAC inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and quisinostat (JNJ-26481585). Results: In a DNA array, the knockdown of p63 markedly induced mRNAs of the tight junction (TJ) proteins cingulin (CGN) and zonula occuludin-3 (ZO-3). The knockdown of p63 resulted in the recruitment of the TJ proteins, the angulin-1/lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR), occludin (OCLN), CGN, and ZO-3 at the membranes, preventing cell proliferation, and leading to increased cell metabolism. Treatment with HDAC inhibitors downregulated the expression of p63, induced TJ structures, recruited the TJ proteins, increased the epithelial barrier function, and prevented cell proliferation and migration. Conclusions: p63 is not only a diagnostic marker of salivary gland neoplasia, but it also promotes the malignancy. Inhibition of HDAC and signal transduction pathways is, therefore, useful in therapy for p63-positive SDC cells.

Background:The major advantages of robot-assisted surgery are the fine field of view provided by the high-precision three-dimensional (3D) images and the good operability provided by the robotic arms that enables precise movements. A growing number of retrospective studies have compared robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), but the number of cases is limited and the results are contradictory. Methods:We studied the medical records of primary lung cancer patients who underwent lobectomy with lymph node dissection between 2017 and 2020. Four hundred and eleven patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria in this study (RATS: 103; VATS: 308). We compared the perioperative factors and postoperative results of the VATS and RATS groups. Further, we adjusted background factors using propensity score matching (PSM) then compared the results of 200 patients (100 patients in each group). In this study, we matched interlobar fissure completeness, which affects operative difficulty and operative time; however, this has been superficially compared in previous studies.Results: After PSM, a significant difference was observed in the intraoperative blood loss (RATS: 53.3 mL, VATS: 120.3 mL, P=0.04). The rates of surgical complications were comparable between the groups (10.0% vs. 13.0%, P=0.66) with similar mean operation times (RATS: 215.0 min, VATS: 210.1 min, P=0.57). The mean postoperative stay in the RATS group was shorter than that in the VATS group (10.0 vs. 11.5 days, P=0.04).Conclusions: Initial experience of RATS had no obvious drawbacks when compared with that of VATS on propensity-matched analysis.

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