The present review aimed to summarize the effectiveness and features of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of infectious diseases and to discuss the limitation of the development of TCM. The personalized medicine with TCM exerts a curative effect on viral and bacterial infectious diseases with unique advantages on the improvement of clinical manifestation, pathogen inhibition, and organ recovery during severe and drug‐resistant infection. The deficiency of personalized medicine with TCM lies in that the current research design of TCM primarily focuses on the study of the effective components and material basis of Chinese herbs at the cellular, molecular, and genetic level, while ignoring the guidance of the TCM syndrome differentiation theory, which is the core concept of individualized treatment. Personalized medicine with TCM has a broad prospective for infectious diseases due to the specific efficacy and advantages. While the curative effect of individualized treatment with TCM cannot be excluded from the TCM syndrome differentiation theory, the study of personalized medicine with TCM for infectious diseases urgently requires a unified standardization of the clinical syndrome differentiation and the evolution rule of infectious diseases by TCM theory.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease impacting patients’ quality of life and imposing heavy societal and economic burdens. Apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) has been considered an early event during the onset of UC and plays a crucial role in disease development. Thus, effectively inhibiting apoptosis of IECs is of critical significance for the clinical management of UC, presenting a potential direction for the research and development of pharmacotherapeutic agents. In recent years, research on the ameliorative effects of natural products on UC through inhibiting IECs apoptosis has attracted increasing attention and made remarkable achievements in ameliorating UC. In this review, we summarized the currently available research about the anti-apoptotic effects of natural products on UC and its mechanisms involving the death-receptor mediated pathway, mitochondrial-dependent pathway, ERS-mediated pathway, MAPK-mediated pathway, NF-κB mediated pathway, P13k/Akt pathway, JAK/STAT3 pathway, and NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 pathway. Hopefully, this review may yield useful information about the anti-apoptotic effects of natural products on UC and their potential molecular mechanisms and provide helpful insights for further investigations.
Context Desloratadine, an H1 receptor antagonist, is suggested as an effective first-line drug for chronic urticarial (CU). However, the efficacy of desloratadine alone is limited, and the recurrence rate of CU is relatively high. Objective We sought to evaluate the efficacy and clinical feasibility of desloratadine in combination with compound glycyrrhizin in the treatment of CU. Materials and methods A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, VIP, WanFang, PubMed, and Web of Science using subject terms: “Chronic urticaria”, “Loratadine”, and “Compound glycyrrhizin”. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficiency and safety of the combination treatment with desloratadine alone starting from January 1, 2014 until February 10, 2021 were selected by two co-first authors independently, and the extracted data were analysed using Rev Man 5.3 software. Results Fourteen RCTs were included in our meta-analysis with a total of 1501 patients. The results showed that the combination treatment yielded a better treatment effect (total response rate: RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.29, p < 0.00001; cure rate: RR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.30 to 1.73, p < 0.00001), lower recurrence rate as well as superior immune improvement than the treatment with desloratadine alone. In addition, there was no significant difference in the safety of the two treatments. Discussion and Conclusion The combination of desloratadine and compound glycyrrhizin is a promising treatment for CU and is associated with decreased serum IgE level and improved proportions of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells.
IntroductionCisplatin, a chemotherapeutic drug, is widely used for the treatment of various malignant tumors with good effects. However, cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is a major dose-limiting factor and a significant adverse event. Mannitol is used to reduce cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, which is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a hydration regimen containing mannitol against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through a meta-analysis.MethodsPotential records from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials that met the inclusion criteria were included from inception to May 2021. Cochrane Collaboration tools were used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Jadad’s and NOS scores were applied to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control studies. A random-effects model or fixed-effects model was used depending on the heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the potential study characteristics. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated.ResultsFour RCTs and seven case-control studies involving 4168 patients were included. Pooled results showed that mannitol use could reduce the incidence of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (OR = 0.66, 95% CI [0.45–0.97], p = 0.03), especially reducing grade 3 nephrotoxicity events according to CTCAE 4.0 (OR = 0.37,95% CI [0.16–0.84]). Moreover, mannitol use was not significantly associated with creatinine clearance, serum creatine, and electrolyte disturbance (p > 0.05). Gastrointestinal cancer (OR = 0.36, 95% CI [0.15–0.83], p = 0.02) and urinary tract cancer (OR = 0.32,95% CI [0.14–0.73], p = 0.007) may be more sensitive to mannitol, although the test for overall effect was significantly different (OR = 0.66, 95% CI [0.49–0.89], p = 0.007). For patients with diabetes and hypertension, mannitol may worsen renal function (OR = 1.80, 95% CI [1.18–2.72], p = 0.006; OR = 2.19, 95% CI [1.50, 3.19], p < 0.0001, respectively). Mannitol may have a better protective effect when doses of mannitol were ≥ 25 g (OR = 0.58, 95% CI [0.39–0.88], p = 0.01) and doses of cisplatin < 75 mg/m2 (OR = 0.59, 95% CI [0.36–0.94], p = 0.03). It revealed that mannitol use was likely to cause nausea or vomiting (OR = 1.86, 95% CI [1.20–2.89], p = 0.006).ConclusionCurrent evidence revealed that mannitol was an effective and safe drug to reduce cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity events, especially Grade 3 events. However, it may cause more nausea/vomiting events and deteriorate renal function in patients with diabetes or hypertension. We also found that mannitol had the best effect when mannitol was ≥ 25 g in total or cisplatin was < 75 mg/m2. Meanwhile, mannitol may have a better effect on gastrointestinal and urinary tract cancers.Systematic Review Registrationcrd. york. ac. uk/PROSPERO, CRD 42021253990
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