The article, dedicated to the 35th anniversary of the start of production at the Volgograd Tractor Plant of the tracked agricultural tractor DT-175S "Volgar", tells about the history of the creation of this unique machine in its own way. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the history of the creation and produc-tion, the effectiveness of the use of the DT-175S "Volgar" tractor, considering the stages and directions of its improvement. (Materials and methods) The article de-scribes the history of the creation of the high-speed energy-saturated tractor "Volgar", gave its design features, technical characteristics in comparison with its predecessors, the results of tests in various soil and climatic zones, on various agricultural opera-tions. (Results and discussion) In the DT-175S "Volgar" tractor, the designers, in close cooperation with scientists, embodied the results of research aimed at increasing the working speeds of machine-tractor units, and the most advanced technical solu-tions in the field of tractor construction at that time. The main of these solutions is an automatic continuously variable hydro-mechanical transmission. The combination of a powerful (125 kilowatt) engine with a similar transmission allowed not only signifi-cantly increase the working speed and productivity of the tractor, up to 9-15 kilome-ters per hour, but also significantly reduce the labor intensity of the tractor driver. The article presents the information about the improvement, modernization of the tractor, the creation of various specialized modifications on its basis. DT-175S "Volgar" be-came the most powerful serial machine of the Volgograd Tractor Plant, rightfully earned the respect of specialists of farms and machine operators. (Conclusions) The tractor became the most powerful serial machine of VgTZ, earned the respect of quali-fied machine operators and specialists of farms. Further development of the applica-tion of the automatic hydro-mechanical transmission on agricultural tractors was to receive the VT-200D tractor of 5th traction class with a capacity of 147 kilowatts. Due to the complication of the economic situation, the production of this tractor was lim-ited to only a small experimental batch.
The law on the five-year plan for the restoration and development of the national economy of the USSR for 1946-50 provided for a significant increase in the volume of agricultural machinery. It was necessary to introduce into agricultural production new high-performance tractors, self-propelled combines, mounted machines with hydraulic control, specialized machines for technical, tilled, forage crops. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the achievements of agricultural engineering science in the USSR in 1945-1965. (Materials and methods) Author studied the history of agricultural engineering science development in the USSR in the post-war period on the basis of archival materials and scientific literature. The sources have shown that the creation of new agricultural machinery required the development of research methods, new more effective technologies for design work and the consolidation of efforts of agricultural engineering science, testers and manufacturers of equipment. (Results and discussion) The article presents an analysis of the development of scientific research and technical developments aimed at improving agricultural technologies and agricultural machinery, and intensifying agricultural production. Author have found regional specialized research institutes, specialized design bureaus, and zonal machine-testing stations were established during the period under review. The article notes that the Department of Mechanization of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences has been significantly strengthened. A crucial role in the development of agricultural engineering science played the leading research institutions in the country, the All-Union Scientific and Research Institute of Mechanization of Agriculture, All-Union Institute of Electrification of Agriculture, All-Union Scientific and Research Technological Institute of Repair and Operation of Machine and Tractor Park, Research Tractor Institute and the National Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Agricultural Universities - Moscow, Azov-black sea, Chelyabinsk, Kharkiv institutes of agricultural mechanization, Rostov and Kirovograd institutes of agricultural engineering. (Conclusions) Thanks to the efforts of academic and university scientists, designers and testers, the latest agricultural machines and equipment were created, the introduction of which made it possible to fully meet the country's needs for food and agricultural raw materials.
By the mid-1960s, the growth rate of agricultural production in the USSR had declined. The possibilities of involving new lands in economic turnover were exhausted. It was necessary to find new approaches to solving problems in agriculture, including the training of highly qualified specialists. (The research purpose) The research purpose is in considering the development of domestic agricultural engineering education during the 1970 -2000 s. (Materials and methods) The article shows that the materials of the Plenums of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1965-1985 marked the beginning of a new stage of agrarian reforms. It was found that providing the agricultural sector with qualified specialists becomes a crucial condition for increasing agricultural production. (Results and discussion) The article notes the leading role of the creation of educational and experimental farms and the introduction of production practices in improving the professional training of specialists for agriculture. They emphasized the creation of a new discipline - mechanized agricultural technology. It has been identified the need to train more mechanical and electrical engineers for agricultural enterprises. It was found that agriculture needs specialists of a wide profile, technological engineers who are able to work independently in the field of engineering and technical policy of agricultural enterprises of various profiles and different forms of ownership. (Conclusions) The Soviet Union created a coherent system of Agroengineering institutes that successfully solved the problem of training engineers for the rapidly developing mechanized and electrified agriculture. The zonal location of the institutes provided training for specialists adapted to the production and technological problems of a particular region. The current development of the country differs significantly from the experience of one in the past. However, personnel issues, including the issues of personnel support for agricultural production in the system of higher professional education, remain relevant due to the rapid development and complexity of technical equipment for modern agricultural production, the introduction of digital information technologies, automation and robotics.
The article, dedicated to the 35th anniversary of the start of production at the Volgograd Tractor Plant of the tracked agricultural tractor DT-175S "Volgar", tells about the history of the creation of this unique machine in its own way. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the history of the creation and production, the effectiveness of the use of the DT- 175S "Volgar" tractor, considering the stages and directions of its improvement. (Materials and methods) The article de-scribes the history of the creation of the high-speed energy-saturated tractor "Volgar", gave its design features, technical characteristics in comparison with its predecessors, the results of tests in various soil and climatic zones, on various agricultural operations. (Results and discussion) In the DT-175S "Volgar" tractor, the designers, in close cooperation with scientists, embodied the results of research aimed at increasing the working speeds of machine-tractor units, and the most advanced technical solu-tions in the field of tractor construction at that time. The main of these solutions is an automatic continuously variable hydro-mechanical transmission. The combination of a powerful (125 kilowatt) engine with a similar transmission allowed not only signifi-cantly increase the working speed and productivity of the tractor, up to 9-15 kilometers per hour, but also significantly reduce the labor intensity of the tractor driver. The article presents the information about the improvement, modernization of the tractor, the creation of various specialized modifications on its basis. DT-175S "Volgar" be-came the most powerful serial machine of the Volgograd Tractor Plant, rightfully earned the respect of specialists of farms and machine operators. (Conclusions). Further development of the application of the automatic hydro-mechanical transmission on agricultural tractors was to receive the VT-200D tractor of 5th traction class with a capacity of 147 kilowatts. Due to the complication of the economic situation, the production of this tractor was lim-ited to only a small experimental batch.
In tsarist Russia, there was no single organizational structure for agricultural science. The Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture, funding individual researchers, stations, as well as higher educational institutions where scientific research was conducted, led the scientific work. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the stages of development of agricultural engineering science in the USSR in the period 1920-1941. (Materials and methods) Studied archival materials and research literature on this topic. The article shows the need to create an All-Russian Institute of Agriculture. The Scientific and Automotive Laboratory was organized, which later became the base for research institutes - the Scientific Automotive Institute, later renamed the Research Automotive and Tractor Institute, working in the field of automotive industry, tractor construction, automotive engines, technology and organization of automobile and tractor production. The article formulates the most important tasks of the formation of agroengineering science at the initial stage. (Results and discussion) In 1920-1941, specialized agricultural engineering research and training institutes were established, which took an active part in the formation of the Soviet tractor and automobile industry and the training of qualified personnel. The most important thing for the development of agricultural science was the formation of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V. I. Lenin by the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of May 25, 1929. (Conclusions) In the pre-war period, a strong foundation of agricultural engineering science was laid. The first laws and regulations on the mechanization of agriculture and agricultural engineering were adopted. The first research institutes in the field of agricultural mechanization and agricultural engineering were organized. The first domestic tractors, grain harvesters and the most important agricultural machines were developed and put into production. The foundations of the theory were formed, the first fundamental scientific works and textbooks on agricultural machines, the processes of mechanization and electrification of agriculture were published.
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