PurposeRecent studies identified an association between Behcet’s disease (BD) and the IL-23R gene polymorphism (rs17375018) in different populations. This study examined whether this IL-23R gene polymorphism is associated with enhanced inflammatory responses.MethodsWe recruited 27 BD patients and 32 controls with three genotypes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were seeded with or without anti-CD3 and CD28. Cells were incubated for 24 hours, and then supernatants were collected and stored at −20◦C until analyzed. Levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, tissue necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. IL-23R expression was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).ResultsThe expression of IL-23R was significantly higher in both BD patients and healthy controls with the GG genotype compared to the AG and AA genotype with anti-CD3 and CD28 stimulation (all P-value < 0.05). Among the PBMCs cultured with anti-CD3 and CD28 stimulation, there was an elevated secretion of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17 in BD patients and healthy controls with the GG genotype. However, there was no significant change in secretion of IFN- γ in BD patients and healthy controls among the genotype of this IL-23R gene polymorphism.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the GG genotype of the rs17375018 variant in the IL-23R gene enhances pro-inflammatory cytokine responses.
Background The effectiveness of cycloplegia in delaying the progression of myopia and its application in refractive examination in children have been extensively studied, but there are still few studies on the effects of atropine/tropicamide on ocular biological parameters. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effects of atropine/tropicamide on children's ocular biological parameters in different age groups and the differences between them. Methods This was a prospective observational study in which all school children were examined for dioptres and ocular biological parameters in the outpatient clinic, and 1% atropine or tropicamide was used for treatment. After examination, we enrolled the patients grouped by age (age from 2 to 12 years treated by atropine, 55 cases; age from 2 to 10 years treated by tropicamide, 70 cases; age from 14 to 17 years treated by tropicamide, 70 cases). The ocular biological parameters of each patient before and after cycloplegia were measured, and the difference and its absolute value were calculated for statistical analysis using an independent-samples t test. Results We compared the value and the absolute value of the differences in ocular biological parameters before and after cycloplegia in the same age group, and we found that the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in the corresponding values of AL, K1 and ACD among the different age groups (P < 0.05). Before cycloplegia, there were significant differences in AL, K, K1, K2 and ACD in different age groups (P < 0.05). However, the differences in AL, K, K1, K2 and ACD among different age groups disappeared after cycloplegia (P > 0.05). Conclusions This study demonstrated that atropine/tropicamide have different effects on cycloplegia in children of different ages. The effects of atropine/tropicamide on ocular biological parameters should be fully considered when evaluating the refractive state before refractive surgery or mydriasis optometry for children of different ages.
Background The effectiveness of cycloplegia in delaying the progression of myopia and its application in refractive examination in children have been extensively studied, but there are still few studies on the effects of atropine/tropicamide on ocular biological parameters. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the effects of atropine/tropicamide on children's ocular biological parameters in different age groups, and the differences between them. Methods This was a prospective observational study in which all school children were examined for diopter and ocular biological parameters in the outpatient clinic, and 1% atropine and tropicamide were applied for the treatment. After examination, we enrolled the patients grouped by age (age from 2 to 12 years treated by atropine, 55 cases; age from 2 to 10 years treated by tropicamide, 70 cases; age from 14 to 17 years treated by tropicamide, 70 cases). The ocular biological parameters of each patient before and after cycloplegia were measured and the difference value and its absolute value were calculated for statistical analysis using independent-samples t-test. Results There was no significant difference in the difference value of ocular biological parameters and the absolute value of the difference in the same age groups before and after cycloplegia (P > 0.05). There were significant statistical differences in the corresponding values of AL, K1 and ACD among different age groups (P < 0.05). Before cycloplegia, there were significant differences in AL, K, K1, K2 and ACD in different age groups (P < 0.05). However, the differences in AL, K, K1, K2 and ACD among different age groups disappeared after cycloplegia (P > 0.05). Conclusions This study demonstrated that atropine/tropicamide have different effects on cycloplegia in children of different ages. The effects of atropine/tropicamide on ocular biological parameters should be fully taken into account when evaluating the refractive state before refractive surgery or calculating the degree of intraocular lens before cataract surgery.
Background: Adductor canal block has become a popular mode of pain management after total knee arthroplasty. This study compared a single-injection adductor canal block (SACB) with continuous adductor canal block (CACB). The hypothesis was that the 2 groups would have equivalent analgesia at 48 hours post-neural blockade. Methods: This is a double-blinded, randomized, controlled, equivalency trial that is conducted at a single university hospital in China. A total of 60 patients who meet inclusion criteria are randomized in a ratio of 1:1 to either CACB (0.5% ropivacaine 20 mL followed by continuous infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine at 5 mL/h for 48 hours) or SACB (0.5% ropivacaine 20 mL) group. The primary outcome is pain scores at 48 hours utilizing the visual analog scale, whereas the secondary outcomes include opioid consumption, Timed Up & Go test, ambulation distances at discharge, length of stay, and maximal flexion at discharge. All pain scores are assessed by an independent observer who is blinded to the allocation of groups. Results: This study has limited inclusion and exclusion criteria and a well-controlled intervention. This clinical trial is expected to provide evidence of better therapy for the pain management after total knee arthroplasty. Trial registration: This study protocol was registered in Research Registry (researchregistry5431).
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