The paper is devoted to the analysis of world trends in tourism development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Climate change, declining drinking water levels, and high concentrations of greenhouse gases are forcing people and businesses to think about using new methods to reduce their impact on the environment. The circular economy must become a lifeline and change the behavior of the world's population. The COVID-19 pandemic has almost completely stopped all life on earth. At one point, air traffic stopped, sea and river cruises, entire cities and countries were closed for quarantine. The pandemic made all residents think and rethink everyday life, attitude to travel and nature. Tourism even now remains one of the sectors most affected by the coronavirus pandemic, and the outlook remains rather uncertain. Life will not be the same as it used to be. The pandemic has significantly affected every sector of the tourism industry: airlines, transport, cruise lines, hotels, restaurants, attractions (such as national parks, protected areas and cultural heritage sites), travel agencies, tour operators. Small and medium-sized enterprises, which make up a large informal tourism sector, make up about 80 per cent of the tourism sector, and many of them may not survive the crisis without significant support. In the future, not only the format of travel will change, but also our attitude to them: vacation planning will have to be approached more consciously and take into account many factors. Tourism was one of the first sectors to be deeply impacted by the pandemic, as measures introduced to contain the virus led to a near-complete cessation of tourism activities around the world. The sector also risks being among one of the last to recover, with the ongoing travel restrictions and the global recession. This has consequences beyond the tourism economy, with the many other sectors that support, and are supported by, tourism also significantly impacted. Therefore, the paper considers the trends of tourism development in the world, as well as the application of the principles of the circular economy in this area. various macro-environmental factors force the tourism industry and tourists to change their preferences and tastes. Global and European trends include safety and hygiene when traveling, the growth of contactless payments, the spread of local tourism, healthy and organic food, the use of virtual reality, robots, chatbots and process automation. In addition, ecological, rural and transformational tourism is gaining popularity among tourist destinations.
The purpose of the paper is to consider aspects of the globalization process that are important factors of global development, to assess the current state of the world, which is defined by scientists as critical. Globalization is a new phenomenon in the expansion of international trade that emerged in the late twentieth century. This was due to the opening of many industrial companies. In other words, «globalization» is a word that can be defined in different ways, depending on its field of application, whether it is a personal company, business national or global in general. World trade has a significant difference compared to the market in one country. Among the keys to a company`s success are things that local companies don`t have to think about. Therefore, it becomes necessary to study the peculiarities of conducting and managing international trade carefully. The growing importance of transnational corporations as actors in the global economy, the transformation of their strategic motivations and practical actions are becoming increasingly global and putting pressure on the interests of virtually all countries and regions, leading to new approaches to theoretical research and practical regulation of TNCs. The development and operation of TNCs is carried out through multiple integration of the international market. As the market expands, companies often face the dilemma of choosing from all possible sources in the country the best indicators of the world market, including goals and objectives. At the same time, the behavior of global trading companies during the transition to the world economy is very ambiguous, which leads to further research in this direction.
Introduction. The paper is devoted to the definition and research of the concept of global strategies, their varieties and features. Different approaches to defining global strategies, proposed by well-known foreign and Ukrainian scientists, are considered. The peculiarities of various types of global strategies are studied, in particular, geopolitical, economic, sociocultural and technological strategies are considered. Specific cases of the application of global strategies are analyzed, namely on the example of the Apple company, and the impact of the chosen strategy on the company's success is described. The purpose of the paper is in a detailed analysis of the concept of global strategies, the definition of their types and features, consideration of conceptual approaches to the definition of global strategies and their classification depending on the goals, field of application, etc., as well as an overview of the role of global strategies in the modern world, their influence on politics, economy and social processes. Results. If we summarize all the information obtained, then the definition of the concept of global strategy can be presented as a plan or approach that establishes the general goal of the organization or company and the ways to achieve this goal at the international level, and which includes setting priorities, developing an action plan and developing policies, which are aimed at ensuring the success of the organization in the conditions of the global economy and competition. The most well-known and used types of global strategies are: cost reduction strategy, differentiation strategy, focus strategy, growth strategy, competitive advantage strategy, sustainable development strategy and digital transformation strategy. Global strategies may differ from company to company, as each company has its own needs and goals. For a deeper understanding of the types and features of global strategies, the purpose is to consider their use and combination on the device of a real organization. The global strategy of the company in question, Apple, is to create and sell products and services that allow users to be constantly connected to the world, which increases their productivity and entertainment. Conclusions. Summarizing all the above information, we can conclude that the global strategy is a long-term plan of action of the company, which determines how it will act in the international market. Each type of global strategy has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of the optimal strategy depends on the company's needs and local market conditions. A key feature of global strategies is that they not only contribute to increasing the company's profits, but also allow attracting new customer bases, expanding the geographical coverage of the market and ensuring competitiveness at the international level. Global strategies allow companies to effectively use their resources and capital at the international level, ensure stable production growth and increase their share in the international market. For the successful application of global strategies, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis of market conditions and demand for products, as well as to determine the optimal option for the company's development at the international level.
Introduction. The agro-industrial complex consists of a complex system, using the power of all the main features of the system: the complexity of work, the complexity of efficient resources. The state of the agro-industrial complex is an important indicator of a sustainable national economy whenever needed as a whole. Given the economic and political instability of recent years, risk management of agricultural enterprises is becoming one of the most pressing issues. The purpose of this paper is to identify and study the main risks that manifest themselves in agriculture in the acquisition of foreign markets, to determine the characteristics of the manifestation of risk in the activities of agricultural enterprises in modern economic conditions. Result. Risks are possible adverse events that may occur and as a result of which there may be losses, property losses of participants in foreign economic activity. Entering a foreign market is always an introduction to competition. The main risks of an agricultural enterprise in mastering the foreign market: weather conditions; unsatisfactory production resources and products; undesirable changes in the quality and quantity of factors of production, reducing the quality of seed, fertilizers. Unpredictability of natural and climatic conditions and changes in harvest volumes, fluctuations in prices in domestic and foreign markets are the main factors influencing changes in incomes of agricultural producers. Conclusion. Risk is the probability of deviation of the real value of the studied process, phenomenon, event from the planned one, which leads to diversity in the decision-making process to improve the efficiency of agricultural production. It is necessary to develop a methodology for determining the nature of the risk in relation to agricultural production and highlight the main features of its manifestation in agriculture.
Introduction. The emergence of the term "New Economy" is associated with the development of modern electronic information technology, the formation of the information system of the Internet. The new economy is a systemic phenomenon that is gradually formed within the post-industrial period of economic development through the introduction of scientific and technological progress and innovative management methods, intellectualization of human capital, the use of advanced technologies and scientific and economic sectors of the national economy. The new economy is formed on the basis of the intellectualization of production and all economic life. The purpose of the paper is the identification and study of the term “New Economy”, analysis of its advantages and disadvantages. Consideration of characteristics and priority directions in development, identification of the basis of the new economy. Describe the benefits of the new economy. Result. The main characteristics of the new economy are knowledge. They are considered as a productive factor and a strategic resource. In a “new economy” a product is produced, wealth is the result of the application of knowledge, which is both a resource used to create goods and services, and an element of infrastructure. The new economy is a systemic phenomenon that is gradually formed within the post-industrial period of economic development through the introduction of scientific and technological progress and innovative management methods, intellectualization of human capital, the use of advanced technologies and knowledge-intensive industries. Conclusion. The above features allow us to define the "New Economy" as a process of formation and development of the world economy, which is global in nature, subject to social progress and economic growth is achieved using a new factor of production – constantly updated knowledge (“knowledge economy”) includes the "knowledge economy" of its mechanism of knowledge production, infrastructure and resource potential.
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