Emphasis is placed on the issue of professional and personal development of the heads of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine as a psychological component of staffing the security and defense sector of Ukraine. It is stressed that the basis of professional and personal development of the heads of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine are activities and personality as basic categories reflected in the block of professional development and personal development block, and each block is identified in specific components and disclosed in relevant criteria. This article presents the second part of the study of professional and personal development of the heads of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, namely the psychological characteristics of the block of personal development through the following components and relevant criteria: orientation - attractiveness of professional activity, direction of professional activity; capability- leadership tools, ability for management; character - individual psychological features, the attitude of the leader to himself; reflection - the mechanism of self-analysis of the manager, the vector of personal development. The study is based on the use of a number of methods of psychological diagnosis, with the help of which during 6 months of 2020 844 people were surveyed, including 385 managers and 459 employees of bodies and departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine who do not perform managerial functions. At the first stage of the study, the characteristics of indicators of professional and personal development of specialists of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine were determined. In the second stage, it was studied statistically significant differences in the characteristics of professional and personal development of managers compared to employees who do not perform managerial functions, for which the procedure of analysis of variance was used, namely one-way analysis of variance by the Fisher method. The Brown-Forsythe test was used to determine the equality of group variances. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the ANOVA command of the SPSS program. It is proved that the indicators of the components of professional and personal formation of the management differ from similar indicators of non-leaders of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in quality and content, in particular focus on management functions within professional activities. The obtained empirical data will contribute to the improvement of management theory and practice in the security and defense sector of Ukraine.
The article analyses the psychological category of lies in the perspective of polygraph examinations, which are now popular and in demand. It is emphasized that polygraph examinations are the only tool for establishing the truth, which is built taking into account the patterns of neural connections in the human brain and involves comprehensive consideration of psychophysiological changes in an individual’s body. Testing with a lie detector is a unique instrumental technique, a complex process of special equipment depending on a polygraph examiner’s professionalism in order to establish the truth, because a polygraph is a device that detects lies, i.e. special hardware for special verification of truthfulness. In our country the use of the polygraph is indirectly regulated at the legislative level, in particular, examinations of people in general are allowed, but polygraph testing is not specified. There is still no special law determining an algorithm for polygraph using. The current regulations governing the procedure for polygraph inspections are departmental and relate to staffing. The activity of polygraph examiners in Ukraine is widespread, but in the format of services provided by public organizations. The essential content of lie detection, which is understood as a set of techniques that help determine the reliability and veracity of information, is analyzed. Because a lie means deliberate distortion of information and polygraph examinations are a type of research activity aimed at truth establishing, the concepts, functions, forms and types of lies are described. During a polygraph investigation, a lie means transmission of information that is completely or partially untrue; it means distortion (cognitive changes), untruth, insincerity (pretending), deception aimed at truth concealing or misleading. Given that the most common reasons for using a lie detector are a competition or examination of candidates for a vacant position, official investigations, forensic psychological examination or personal initiatives, the examined people mostly tries to convince, prove something, justify, etc., so the function of lies to protect interests, often their own. There are two forms of lies: silence and distortion. By default, the information is hidden, but not distorted; in the case of distortion, it is not only hidden, but also supplemented or replaced and pretended to be true. Common types of lies in polygraph research are: mystification, substitution of concepts, self-deception, lying for good, misleading, exaggeration / belittling, slander. Levels of lie recognition (psychophysiological, verbal, nonverbal) and approaches to its detection (emotional, volitional, cognitive) are determined. Emphasis is placed on the psychological aspects of lie detection when using a polygraph. Attention is paid to topical issues of lie detection with a polygraph.
The article highlights the results of the study of psychological features of interpersonal interaction of district officers of the National Police of Ukraine. A district police officer, like every police officer, in the process of professional activity performs important law enforcement functions to ensure security, respect for rights and freedoms, on the basis of partnership and police care, so close contact with citizens and colleagues, so his communicative potential depends on the success of official tasks. The ability to communicate with people, establish psychological contact, overcome barriers to communication, listen, listen and hear, answer questions, influence, provide and obtain the necessary information, etc., determine not only the quality of work of a police officer in general, but also efficiency activities of the National Police of Ukraine in general. The presented study of interpersonal communication of police officers is based on the use of two recognized psychodiagnostic methods, namely the interrogation questionnaire for interpersonal interaction T. Leary and the abbreviated version of the questionnaire of the Big Five in the adaptation of O. John, L. Naumann, S. Soto. In general, the selected questionnaires allowed to determine the professional features of communication of district police officers in the vectors of extroversion and introversion, friendliness and aggression, dominance and dependence. The profile of a district police officer has been found to combine wall and hyposthenic characteristics, allowing them to combine stern, masculine traits and patterns of behavior in interpersonal relationships with milder, emotionally benevolent manifestations. Personal characteristics such as honesty, extroversion, moderate flexibility, openness to new experiences, low levels of neuroticism indicate that district police officers tend to have a mixed type of response in the process of interpersonal interaction. It has been proven that the use of questionnaires provides an objective and comprehensive description of the style of interpersonal behavior of police officers, which will improve the quality of professional selection of police officers, increase the efficiency of teamwork and increase public confidence in the police.
Функціональний простір релігійних спільнот не обмежується віроповчальною активністю і культовою практикою, він орієнтований і на соціальне служіння, де серед важливих напрямків на державному рівні визнано безоціночне прийняття особистості й супроводження осіб, які перебувають у конфлікті із законом, тобто в’язничне служіння. Нині особливої уваги заслуговують православні общини у контексті душпастирства засуджених. Саме допомога засудженим в процесі їх десоціалізації та ресоціалізації, розкаяння і примирення, отримання навичок відповідального життя, яка базується на традиційних християнських цінностях каяття, смирення, прагнення до миру, милосердя тощо дає можливість подолати трагедію відчуження людини й силами інтеріоризації цінностей змінити особу та показати їй новий шлях свого аксіологічного розвитку. В даній статті подані результати соціально-психологічного аналізу православної общини на прикладі діючої установи виконання покарань. Звернено увагу на особливості функціонування православної общини, зокрема богослужбових і позабогослужбових напрямів душпастирської роботи із засудженими. Наголошено, що засуджені, які є постійними активними членами православних общин виправних установ, фіксуються як особи, які приймають участь у програмі диференційованого виховного впливу «Духовне відродження». Подано узагальнені результати опитування засуджених, які є членами православної общини. Серед низки індикаторів проаналізовано рівень освіти засуджених, наявність у них залежності, структуру сімейного стану та родинних зв’язків, причини скоєного злочину, ідентифікацію особистості, мотиви релігійного навернення, психічний стан після навернення тощо. Також визначено важливість таких засобів православної педагогіки та психології як богослужіння, заходи православної общини установи тощо.
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