Hybrid vehicle technology is beginning to make a significant mark in the automotive industry, most notably by the Toyota Prius THS-II and its one-mode technology, but also by two-mode architectures recently introduced. GM-Allison, Renault, and the Timken Company have attempted to capitalize on the advantages over simpler series and parallel architectures that the series-parallel configuration confers on the Prius while also improving the design by allowing the powertrain configuration to physically shift and operate in two different modes depending on the driving load. This work provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in two-mode hybrid vehicle architectures, and demonstrates the performance of this technology in comparison to the market-leading Toyota Prius one-mode hybrid vehicle technology and conventional ICE technology. Simulations in the NREL ADVISOR® software compare the performances of the one- and two-mode architectures against a parallel-full design and the ICE baseline for four different drive cycles and a vehicle with varying weight that simulates a commercial vehicle application. A configuration that is a variation of those designed by GM-Allison was chosen as the representative of the two-mode architectures. The performance metric was fuel economy. The fuel economy was measured over the course of the drive cycles: (1) Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule for Heavy Duty Vehicles (UDDSHDV); (2) New York City Truck (NYCT); (3) City-Suburban Heavy Vehicle Route (CSHVR); and (4) Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET). The vehicle model uses a module developed in-house for a Kenworth T400 truck with a payload that varies from empty to completely full. The results demonstrate that the two-mode architecture provides significantly improved performance to that of the conventional non-hybrid design and comparable performance to that of the parallel-full hybrid design. Furthermore, the one-mode design is shown to be sub-optimal for this vehicle type. Development and optimization of the control strategy, which is the direction of the current research, should allow for additional improvement in fuel economy; optimization of vehicular components could result in improvements in acceleration ability, gradeability, and top speed performance, which lags behind the performance capabilities of the conventional powertrain vehicle in these metrics. The study confirms that two-mode architecture presents unique advantages for constantly changing driving cycles and vehicle payloads and represents the future of hybrid vehicle technology.
In order to shorten the wireless charging time of electric vehicles (EVs) and achieve stable charging, an adaptive smart control method for EV wireless charging is proposed in the paper. The method dynamically tracks the rechargeable battery state during the whole charging process, realizes multi-stage charging of constant current (CC) or constant voltage (CV) by switching two kinds of compensation networks of bilateral L3C and L3C-C, and regulates the charging voltage and current to make it as close as possible to the battery charging characteristic curve. This method can be implemented because the voltage source connected to the coupler and the compensation networks of bilateral L3C and L3C-C have the CC and CV source characteristics, respectively. On the basis of the established adaptive smart control system of EV wireless charging, the experiments of wireless data transmission and adaptive smart charging were conducted. The results showed that the designed control system had a response time of less than 200 ms and strong anti-interference ability and it shortened the charging time by about 16% compared with the time using traditional charging methods, thereby achieving a fast, stable, safe, and complete wireless charging process.
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