Current research aims at studying the methods of assessing energy-efficient technologies. An overview of architectural and constructive solutions based on the principles of bioclimatic architecture has been presented. Solutions that are targeted at protecting the building from excessive solar radiation as well as increasing the level of energy efficiency of the building have been evaluated. Relevant architectural and construction schemes of buildings have been presented. The operation of phase-change materials and the effectiveness of their application in construction has been analyzed and compared with classical building materials. The experimental setup of N. Yu and his co-authors has been considered, and their studies devoted to the comparison of two phase-change materials such as GH-33 and GH-37 have been described. The method of climatic analysis of regions based on the Givoni chart has been studied. The climatic zoning of Libya based on the analysis of the average monthly maximum and minimum temperature proposed by P. C. Agrawal is presented.
The purpose of the current research is to review the technologies of a phase change material application. The principles and peculiarities of the operation of a material with a phase change have been studied. Experimental studies conducted by Nan Yu, Chao Chen, Khamid Mahkamov, Irina Makhkamova, Qiong Li and Jing Ma based on the method of curing of precast concrete elements under fallow have been described. The research methodology proves the effectiveness of the application of materials of this kind in the construction industry. The options for using wall panels with a phase change material inside the construction have been considered. The study of the wall model with a phase change material namely paraffin in the enclosing structure conducted by such author as Babaev B.D. is presented. The calculation method for the system introduced by the researcher for assessing the effectiveness of passive heating obtained from the original construction has been studied. A comparative analysis of constructions with heat-retaining materials such as a building envelope with a phase change material and a concrete floor was carried out. A method of climate forecasting that makes it possible to choose the most rational passive strategy for the future use has been studied. The possibilities of using bioclimatic maps and the Givoni’s chart for analyzing weather conditions and evaluating the efficiency of using a particular energy-efficiency system have been considered.
The aim of the study is to consider different configurations of the Trombe-Michel wall. The researches of various scientists such as A. K. Soloviev, S. Corasaniti, L. Manni, F. Russo, F. Gori, V. V. Bryzgalin, K. N. Klevets have been studied. The construction of the Trombe-Michel wall has been described and compared with the solar wall. Heat fluxes and modifications of ventilation openings have been studied. The dependence of air flows on the configuration of the elements of the Trombe-Michel wall has been analyzed. The use of a passive house in the conditions of a heterogeneous climate in Russia has been considered. A comparative analysis of various passive houses is conducted. Effective methods for assessing the Trombe-Michel wall have been found. The possibility of achieving energy effiency and reducing the load on the systems for maintaining the microclimate of the building premises is described. The method of complex qualimetric assessment using four indicators has been considered.
This study aims at considering the methods of calculating heat losses to the soil through the floor structures of the basement. Classical methods of calculating heat losses through the soil according to the updated set of rules are presented. Modern methods of calculation based on mathematical modeling have been studied. A full-scale experiment of one of the developed methods that proves the possibility of its application and the need for further enhancement has been considered. Methods for estimating the resistance to the heat transfer through the soil are introduced. The method of “concentric circles” is presented in comparison with the given values in Set of Rules 50.13330.2012. A comparative analysis of new methods with standard methods for calculating heat losses to the soil through the basement floor structures was carried out. Such methods as calculation “by zones” based on the principle of dividing the basement floor into strips have been studied. Various options for the building basement insulation that can affect the heat losses of the building have been considered. An analysis of the factors influencing heat loss such as the type of soil, the geometric dimensions of the building, the actual heat transfer resistance of the insulation, the temperature regime of the room and the presence of insulation has been presented. The formulas for calculating the complex heat-shielding characteristic in accordance with modern changes in the regulatory documentation are given.
The aim of the current research is to examine instruments for measuring heat flow and temperature, and to present methods for calculating resistance to heat transfer in accordance with regulatory documents. Requirements for constructions chosen as samples, and the conditions for their testing under stationary, quasi-stationary, and non-stationary conditions, are discussed. The study investigates devices for measuring thermal characteristics based on the research conducted by Yaping Cui, Jingchao Xie, Jiaping Liu, Peng Xue. An experiment performed by Chinese scientists to determine heat transfer coefficients using a naphthalene sample is analyzed. The research also presents a field experiment conducted by E.A. Gnezdilova to calculate the design characteristics of heat loss through floor constructions and building envelope constructions in direct contact with the soil. The validity and reliability of applying various methodologies are justified.
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