Surface structuring of titanium-based implants is known to modulate the behavior of adherent cells, but the influence of different nanotopographies is poorly understood. The aim is to investigate preosteoblast proliferation, adhesion, morphology, and migration on surfaces with similar surface chemistry but distinct nanotopographical features. Sonochemical treatment and anodic oxidation are employed to fabricate disordered, mesoporous titania (TMS) and ordered titania nanotubular (TNT) topographies on titanium, respectively. Morphological evaluation reveals that cells are polygonal and well-spread on TMS, but display an elongated, fibroblast-like morphology on TNT surfaces, while they are much flatter on glass. Both nanostructured surfaces impair cell adhesion, but TMS is more favorable for cell growth due to its support of cell attachment and spreading in contrast to TNT. A quantitative wound healing assay in combination with live-cell imaging reveals that cell migration on TMS surfaces has a more collective character than on other surfaces, probably due to a closer proximity between neighboring migrating cells on TMS. The results indicate distinctly different cell adhesion and migration on ordered and disordered titania nanotopographies, providing important information that can be used in optimizing titanium-based scaffold design to foster bone tissue growth and repair while allowing for the encapsulation of drugs into porous titania layer
Polyelectrolyte block copolymer micelles assembled thin film is switched in response to local photocatalytic reactions on titanium dioxide, resulting in a layer of variable height, stiffness in response to visible light irradiation. Preosteoblasts migrate toward stiffer side of the substrates.
The adhesion of cells to surfaces, as well as their proliferation, migration, and differentiation, is guided not only by chemical functionalization but also by surface nanostructuring, nanotopography. [1] Nano-patterned titanium surfaces are one example in which the scale of patterning controls the size of focal adhesions. [2] Nanoscale disorder in surface structure can be used to stimulate cell differentiation [3] or can also be used to maintain stem cell phenotypes over long times. [4] Nanoroughness modulates cells interactions and function via mechanosensing. [5] These all suggest that the careful control of surface nanostructure of such important as titanium (Ti) biomaterial [6] could be a useful tool to achieve desired cellular responses.We first time highlight that ultrasonic treatment is able to produce surface porous sponge layer in Ti. We find it great technological advances that Ti can be also modified with highintensity ultrasonic treatment. We really think that presenting high-intensity ultrasonic technique for Ti nanostructuring increases interest of scientists to the technique. Great advantage of our methodology is a large number of synthetic parameters which can be optimized to tune surface nanostructuring in a controllable manner. Moreover, this methodology will be very interesting in future to provide single-step hybrids and effective loading of porous structures with active chemicals. We compare our methodology with more known for bio-application anodization for surface nanostructuring.Anodization leads to TiO 2 nanotube arrays covering the surface of titanium and is one of the most studied methods to develop porous surface nanotopographies with controlled pore sizes. [6] It has been demonstrated in cell culture experiments on TiO 2 nanotube arrays of different sizes that adhesion, proliferation, and migration of mesenchymal stem cells are optimal on ordered nano-pore arrays with spacings in the range of 15-30 nm; these length scales also lead to significantly less apoptosis than on 100 nm structures. [7,8] It should be taken into account that nanostructuring does affect cell function at many levels but in a cell specific manner, and smaller surface features (50 nm) tend to favor cell proliferation in comparison to larger features (300 nm). [9] Anodization requires a conductive substrate, is difficult to use over large surface areas, and uses aggressive media for synthesis. [6] Recently, we have shown that ultrasonic treatments in aqueous media can produce surface porosities in various size-ranges also below 100 nm in metals such as Al or Mg. [10] Here, we demonstrate that such nanostructuring can also be effectively induced in an important biomaterial, titanium, by investigating its influence on cell behavior in comparison to the well-established electrochemical method.To this end, we investigate the response in terms of morphology, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of C2C12 cells on a glass substrate and on three different titanium/TiO 2 surfaces: a titania mesoporous sponge layer (...
Metal surface nanostructuring to guide cell behavior is an attractive strategy to improve parts of medical implants, lab-on-a-chip, soft robotics, self-assembled microdevices, and bionic devices. Here, we discus important parameters, relevant trends, and specific examples of metal surface nanostructuring to guide cell behavior on metal-based hybrid surfaces. Surface nanostructuring allows precise control of cell morphology, adhesion, internal organization, and function. Pre-organized metal nanostructuring and dynamic stimuli-responsive surfaces are used to study various cell behaviors. For cells dynamics control, the oscillating stimuli-responsive layer-by-layer (LbL) polyelectrolyte assemblies are discussed to control drug delivery, coating thickness, and stiffness. LbL films can be switched "on demand" to change their thickness, stiffness, and permeability in the dynamic real-time processes. Potential applications of metal-based hybrids in biotechnology and selected examples are discussed.
Titanium has been widely used as biomaterial for various medical applications because of its mechanical strength and inertness. This on the other hand makes it difficult to structure it. Nanostructuring can improve its performance for advanced applications such as implantation and lab-on-chip systems. In this study we show that a titania nanofoam on titanium can be formed under high intensity ultrasound (HIUS) treatment in alkaline solution. The physicochemical properties and morphology of the titania nanofoam are investigated in order to find optimal preparation conditions for producing surfaces with high wettability for cell culture studies and drug delivery applications. AFM and contact angle measurements reveal, that surface roughness and wettability of the surfaces depend nonmonotonously on ultrasound intensity and duration of treatment, indicating a competition between HIUS induced roughening and smoothening mechanisms. We finally demonstrate that superhydrophilic bio-and cytocompatible surfaces can be fabricated with short time ultrasonic treatment
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