No abstract

The total flavonoid content of various species of Crataegus novel raw material– «flowers with leaves» was conducted to a comparative study in order to identify the possibility of co-harvesting material from different species. 27 samples of 6 pharmacopoeial and 7 nonpharmacopoeial Crataegus species obtained from the Biological Collections of VILAR, Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden RAS, Kuzbass, Penza and Stavropol Botanical Gardens, Altai Territory, Voronezh region, Kemerovo and Moscow harvested in Russian Federation were analyzed. Spectrophotometric assay was based on aluminium complex formation was used for determination of total flavonoid expressed as hyperoside. The fractional composition of the raw material (percentage of leaves and stems) and its influence on the content of flavonoids was studied. The total flavonoids expressed as hyperoside of the raw material "flowers with leaves" of pharmacopoeial Crataegus species ranged from 1.40±0.05% (C. chlorocarpa) to 2.20±0.11% (C. monogyna), nonpharmacopeal species – from 1.21±0.11% (C. maximowiczii) to 2.21±0.09% (C. ambigua). The average quantity was 1.65%. The total flavonoid values of non-pharmacopoeial species raw material were comparable with pharmacopoeial species thus it allows to consider them promising for further study and use of their parts for medical purpose.

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The impact of invasive species on the ecosystems belongs to the most important environmental problems. Representatives of the genus Solidago actively invade various plant communities. About 2300 literary sources were analyzed in order to determine the main tasks for the researchers of invasive species of this genus and to highlight the most relevant issues. Ambiguous evidence of the inhibitory effect of goldenrod on native flora species has been observed. Some studies report on the invasion of species of the genus Solidago and the displacement of species of local flora in various natural and climatic conditions. Opposite opinion states that the main changes relate not to taxonomic, but to the functional diversity. The allelopathic effect may be influenced both by edaphic factors and by the stage of plant development, as well as by the flora diversity in different regions and by the mutual influence of these factors. Most likely, essential oil components (terpenes and terpenoids) have an inhibitory effect on competing plants and soil microorganisms.

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Medicinal plants can amass chemical elements in their tissues due to their ability to tolerate potentially toxic ions in the environment. The Hypericum perforatum L. plants were cultivated in three regions of West Siberia (Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Kam­ lak Village (Altai Republic)). Elemental analysis was conducted by atomic emission spectrometry. Chemical elements extractable with 10% HCl were assayed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentrations of Co, Ni, Cu and Zn have been relatively stable. The coefficients of biogeochemical mobility of Cd, Cu and Zn had high rates, which confirm the possibility of accumulation of these elements in H. perforatum. The concentration of chemical elements in extracts (10 % HCl) was increased as well as their total contents, the degree of extraction was highest for K, Ni, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg (90 % or more), the minimum for Na (20–40 %) and significantly changed in environmentally different habitats.

No abstract

The effects of aqueous extracts from aboveground parts of Solidago canadensis L. as well as from dominant species of four main succession stages on the degraded forest soils of the Kemerovo region (Filipendula ulmaria, Chamaenerion angustifolium, Cirsium setosum, Poa pratensis) on the germinating capacity and speed of Lepidium sativum seeds were investigated. It was showed that Solidago canadensis and Filipendula ulmaria have the greatest effect on the reduction of germinating capacity of Lepidium sativum seeds.