A topic model was explored using unsupervised machine learning to summarized free-text narrative reports of 77,215 injuries that occurred in coal mines in the USA between 2000 and 2015. Latent Dirichlet Allocation modeling processes identified six topics from the free-text data. One topic, a theme describing primarily injury incidents resulting in strains and sprains of musculoskeletal systems, revealed differences in topic emphasis by the location of the mine property at which injuries occurred, the degree of injury, and the year of injury occurrence. Text narratives clustered around this topic refer most frequently to surface or other locations rather than underground locations that resulted in disability and that, also, increased secularly over time. The modeling success enjoyed in this exploratory effort suggests that additional topic mining of these injury text narratives is justified, especially using a broad set of covariates to explain variations in topic emphasis and for comparison of surface mining injuries with injuries occurring during site preparation for construction.
Important sections of construction design, both in terms of content and labor intensity, are organizational and technological design. The development and process of automation of organizational and technological documentation in construction has its own specific features. Currently, leading Western and, to a lesser extent, domestic design firms are moving from computerization of individual, most labor-intensive types of work to computer-aided design (CAD) systems that cover the entire project creation process.
Introduction. Nowadays, improving the quality of repair-construction works is an important complex problem, insufficient attention to which inevitably leads to their increasing cost, increasing operational costs, increasing the number of current and overhaul repairs, as well as reducing the time between repairs, worsening the quality of life of consumers. In the worst cases, poor quality of repair and construction works can lead to the accidents, become a source of threat to life and health, leading to accidents. The quality of work — is the main purpose of using the technological card; this standardized organizational and technological document contains detailed instructions for the working staff, allowing to understand all the processes to be carried out during the project as well as to evaluate the resources necessary for this. The process map contains a set of measures for the organisation of work with the most efficient use of modern means of mechanisation, technological equipment, tools and fixtures. This document includes the most progressive and rational methods of construction works technology facilitating reduction of time and improvement of work quality and reduction of their cost. The technological card ensures not only economical and high quality, but also safe execution of works, as it contains regulatory requirements and safety rules. Materials and methods. The task is to analyse flow charts for different types of work in major repairs with the identification of a list of shortcomings, errors and inaccuracies in drawing up flow charts. Results. Proposals for correcting basic data and parameters in the flow charts required for operational control of the technological process have been developed. Conclusions. A list of flow charts for different types of work during major repairs has been analysed; a list of shortcomings, errors and inaccuracies in drawing up flow charts that require adjustments has been identified.
In the context of current problems of sustainable development of the modern city, the issues of present and future of coastal areas occupy a key place. In large cities there is a shortage of the natural component of the coastal zone environment, while the priority is given to transport infrastructure, which leads to environmental degradation and deprives the coastal strip recreational use. For many coastal territories the main problems remain: expansion of transport infrastructure; intensive process of urbanization and building up of coastal territories; loss of natural components and landscape identity of coastal strips and water areas. In Moscow, these problems are complemented by the monotony and typical character of the architectural design of coastal areas. Integrated development of the environment of coastal zones can be realized by various methods, created on the principles of a balanced infrastructure. The formation of urban and landscape directions and their relationship.
The duration of a separate construction process depends on many factors: the number of workers, machines and mechanisms, weather conditions and others. Quantitative characteristics of some of them can be established and accepted from among the possible ones. Such factors are called capacity-type resources (renewable). The need for renewable resources at a certain point in time is characterized by the intensity of their consumption and is expressed by the number of resource units used simultaneously (workers, machines and mechanisms, etc.). The intensity of resource consumption is the main organizational and technological parameter of the construction of buildings, which determines the development of construction processes over time and the duration of the construction of the object as a whole.
For the selection of the rational physical, mechanical and geometric parameters of three-layer reinforced concrete structures with monolithic bonding layers, it is necessary to have numerous data on the stress field and patterns of their deformation upon loading, changes in the energy parameters of the strength of concrete and the thickness of the layers. The important condition for the analysis of the stress-strain state by computer simulation is verification with experimental studies. This research is a confirmation of the reliability of the partitioning of the model into finite elements, the choice of their size and configuration. Modeling of three-layered enclosing structures with overall dimensions of attic overlappings allows obtaining strains and deformations in the outer and middle layers at different levels of loads and performing their comparison with limiting values. Due to the high rigidity of the three-layered enclosing structures with a monolithic bond of the layers and the use of structural concrete in the outer layers, the strength of which is more than 10 times higher than that of the middle layer, there are no cracks in the operating loads. In order to recommend considering the stress-strain state, there are more dimensional three-layer coating plates with monolithically bonded layers with different geometric and strength parameters, with different degrees of reinforcement and levels.
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