The presented mini-review gives a general idea of oxidative enzymes of fungi and bacteria. Possible directions of their practical application are shown.
Background and Objective: Studied morphobiological features of collection varieties of broad beans in the conditions of the South of the Central Black Earth Region (Russia): The duration of the growing season; level seed production and its components; biochemical composition of seeds; structure of microbial interactions in the rhizosphere; and relation to pathogens. Materials and Methods: In field experiments 2014-2016, the first reproduction seeds of 24 varieties, were cultivated according to the requirements of the zonal farming. It was revealed early-maturing, high-yielding varieties with large seeds, and high protein. Were determined the parameters of a promising variety of broad beans and were revealed indirect signs of high-protein and productivity when working with initial material. On average, the vegetation period of broad bean lasted 89 days. The duration of the periods before the seedling and after flowering was highly correlated with the duration of the vegetation period (r = +0.61 and r = +0.87, respectively). The seed weight per plant was significantly correlated with the number of bean per plant (r = +0.8) and the number of pods on the lateral stem (r = +0.68). Results: The averaged correlation was observed for the seed weight per plant and the number of producing lateral stem (r = +0.42), the number of productive nodes of the main stem (r = +0.54), the number of inflorescences per plant (r = +0.36), number of inflorescences of lateral stem (r = +0.39). The number of seeds per pod was negatively correlated with the number of pods per plant (r = −0.46). The pod size was negatively correlated with the number of bean per plant (r = −0.54). Protein content of the broad bean seeds is 18-33%. An indirect indicator of the high protein content of the seeds can be served as "the number of nodes on the main stem" with the inverse relationship (r = −0.4) and "the weight of 1000 seeds" with a positive relationship (r = +0.7). Conclusion: The study of the initial material of broad beans in the soil and climatic conditions of the Belgorod region made it possible to identify a group of early ripening, with the fastest formation of pods.
The species composition and structure of soil complexes of micromycetes under faba beans were studied. The indices of the frequency of occurrence and abundance of microscopic fungi species in soils under ten varieties of faba beans were analyzed in comparison with the control soil (pure fallow). The control revealed 20 species of micromycetes from 10 genera. The species from 16 genera were identified under the varieties of beans in the soils. Most micromycetes belong to the Ascomycota division (classes Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Saccharomycetes, and Sordariomycetes). In the soil of faba beans, the number of micromycete propagules is significantly higher (30.6 ± 2.5 thousand CFU / g soil) than in the control (12.5 ± 2.3 thousand CFU / g). The biodiversity of micromycete complexes in the control soil was maximal (Pielu index 0.75). An increase in the dominance index under the studied varieties of beans (Simpson’s index 0.09-0.24) was noted in comparison with the control soil, with a dominance index of 0.07. Phytopathogenic species of micromycetes were found: fungi Ascochyta fabaе, Alternaria tenuissima, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, and Ulocladium botrytis.
The collection of broad beans for a number of years in the soil and climatic conditions of the city of south of the central chernozem region of Russia on the territory of the National Research University “BelGU” have been studied. The Yu. N. Kurkina field method was used to determine the drought tolerance of bean plants. An analysis of the totality of ecological and morphological traits of forage bean varieties of different origins revealed varieties with pronounced xeromorphicity with low plant heights and narrow leaves. The varieties with high drought resistance have been identified. During the period when fruits are already forming in the lower nodes of plants, and pollination and fertilization are taking place in the flowers of the upper tiers, excess moisture negatively affects the emerging seed yield. A strong correlation was found between the productivity of the green mass and the amount of precipitation at the beginning of flowering. Seed productivity of beans is negatively reflected by high temperatures during the periods of germination and budding, and low temperatures during ripening of fruits and seeds. The productivity of green mass is more strongly influenced by temperature than precipitation
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