The article considers issues related to the problems of providing drinking quality water to populations of rural settlements of the Omsk region. For a significant number of the population in Omsk region water does not meet the established standards for quality and is not provided in the required quantity. Existing water supply systems in the region were built mainly in 1960-1970. In this regard, the main problems are associated with the deterioration of water supply networks and structures, including damaged groundwater intake structures. One of the features of Omsk region water resources is the significant pollution of both surface and underground water sources. The geological and hydrogeological state of underground water resources is analyzed on the example of one small settlementthe Gorkovsky district in Omsk region. Recommendations on bringing the underground drinking water quality up to the standards, the liquidation tamping of wells and the construction of Source water protection for underground water intake are given.
In recent years we have encountered a big issueunderflooding in large cities and settlements, railroads' and highways' locations. In order to prevent and liquidate the consequences of underflooding during the design of engineering structures, it is necessary to carry out engineering surveying, which will help to obtain parameters of soil filtration (drainage bedding in underflooded areas, etc.). The article presents a methodology for determining the filtration parameters of drainage bedding (the Korchevskaya methodology), which allows to simplify the method of obtaining and processing feed data. In these studies, sand was used as a drainage bedding and the coefficients of filtration, lack of saturation and water loss were determined. This methodology allows obtaining the filtration parameters that are necessary for predictive estimates of underflooding of lands with various purposes and designing engineering structures, when performing elementary experiments, such as pouring water into the studied rocks of different compositions. The developed methodology allows you to automate the calculation using information systems.
The object of research in this work is the under-channel waters of the Irtysh River, considered as an alternative source of water supply, necessary for the sustainable provision of high-quality drinking water to the population of cities in emergency situations. In bacteriological and sanitary-hygienic terms, studies have shown that infiltration waters are quite safe. According to the results of the analyzes carried out, infiltration waters are mainly fresh with a salinity of 0.5 to 1 g / l. The most rational scheme from a technical and economic point of view in relation to local conditions are beam water intake structures, which is due to the relatively low thickness of water-bearing rocks. At the same time, infiltration-type water intake structures in the Irtysh river valley should be located at a distance of up to 130 m from the river channel (taking into account the value of hydraulic resistance ∆lн). The distance between wells in a linear row should be taken up to 50 m.
The article gives an assessment of water resources for water supply in the Novosibirsk region. The geological and hydrological characteristics of the territory under consideration have been studied, surface and underground water supply sources have been considered. Studies have shown that there is not enough water from the rivers to meet the needs of cities, therefore, it is necessary to provide for other sources of water supply. Accordingly, the analysis of the chemical composition of groundwater, which can be used for household and drinking purposes, after additional processing, has been carried out. The article presents the characteristics of the state of operating wells, the analysis of which shows that their service life depends on a number of natural and technical factors that manifest themselves with varying degrees of intensity. To provide the population with drinking water of the required quality, methods of desalination of water extracted from wells have been proposed.
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