The paper discusses competitiveness of the agro-industrial sector, which is a multifaceted concept that characterizes its ability to compete in both domestic and foreign markets. Ukraine has significant opportunities to develop the agricultural sector and turn it into a highly efficient branch of economy. Favorable soil and climate conditions, and fertile land contribute to its further development, obtaining agricultural crops in volumes sufficient to meet domestic needs and build export potential. The production process of agricultural goods takes longer than in industry. Therefore, at the stage of determination of the production program of an agricultural enterprise, it is very difficult to respond on time to changes in consumer demand and increase the product competitiveness within the already established production schemes in the markets. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of growing the studied crops in a typical farm in Central Ukraine and offer a roadmap for making management decisions when planning a production program. For this purpose, a method based on calculations of the gross margin, total expenses, production thresholds, profitability, and payback of production factors was chosen.
Increasing the efficiency of animal feeding through the use of modern feed additives is one of the ways to solve this problem. Therefore, the evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of feed additives for the organization of full feeding of different sex-age groups of animals is relevant. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of the «Tripel BZ» feed additive on the use of feed in the body of young Ukrainian black-spotted dairy cattle at the age of 2-4 months, based on the analysis of feeding rations, using modern norms for feeding young cattle. In order to study the effectiveness of the use of the polymineral biologically active feed additive «Tripel BZ» in feeding young cattle in the PE «Kalinsky Klyuch» village. A scientific and economic experiment was conducted in Kalynya Kamianets, Podilsky district, Khmelnytskyi region. The material for the study was feed rations, which included the semi-liminal biologically active feed additive «Tripel BZ». A scientific and economic experiment was conducted on calves of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed aged 2-4 months. For this purpose, two groups of similar Bugai cattle were selected, 12 heads each with an initial live weight of 72,5 kg according to the developed research scheme. At the same time, two groups of animals were formed: the first – control, the second – experimental. The young were kept in groups of 12 heads, untethered, in one room – the conditions of keeping were similar for both groups. At the same time, the animals of the first group were fed the basic diet, and the animals of the second group were given polymineral biologically active feed additive «Tripel BZ» as part of the basic diet. Analyzing the results of the conducted research should be noted. that the young animals that consumed rations with the «Tripel BZ» feed additive used feed more economically for the production of a unit of live weight gain, so it can be concluded about the feasibility of its use in feeding young cattle in the amount of 0,15 kg per day.
In recent decades, Ukraine has undergone significant changes in the breed composition of cattle. The study aimed to study the effectiveness of the use of feed by dairy cows of Simmental and Holstein breeds. The research was conducted in PE «Kalynsky Klyuch» p. Kalyna Kamyanets, Podilskyi district, Khmelnytsky region. A scientific and economic experiment was conducted on two groups of dairy cows according to the methods generally accepted in zootechnics. Analyzing the supply of dairy cows with nutrients, it should be noted that the animals of both experimental groups with a surplus were provided with dry matter – by 6.7-8.8% of demand, metabolic energy – by 1.5-2.9%, starch – by 12.9-32.6%, while deficient in fiber – in the range of 5.6-10.6%, crude fat –2.5-16.6% and digestible protein – 2.5-4.0%. Of the mineral elements, 37.6-39.1% of phosphorus, 4.4-23.4% of copper, 41.2-47.5% of zinc, 49.1-61.4% of cobalt and 42.5-58.1% iodine. There was an excess of such elements as calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulfur, iron. Thus, the feeding of experimental animals on the main indicators provided their needs according to modern detailed standards. During the experimental period, the milk yield per cow in the first group was 4783.25 kg, while in the experimental group – 4924.79 or 3.0% more (p<0.95), with an average daily milk yield of Simmental cows at the level of 15.63 kg, and Holstein – 16.09 kg. The fat content in the milk of cows of the first group averaged 3.75% during lactation, which is less than in animals of the second group by 0.56% (p>0.95), while the protein concentration in animals of the Simmental breed was at the level 3.07%, and Holstein – lost to them only 0.02% without a significant difference. Thus, Holstein animals, although with little advantage, used energy and feed nutrients more efficiently than Simmental peers.
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