Today air intake system for internal combustion engines has experience changes to increase its performance. In existence of an appropriate air supply will affect the air-fuel ratio (AFR) and impact on the power generated and decrease the value of NOx for more complex effects. The increasing demand for energy encourages the creation of new technologies that increase the value of work in the form of decreasing emissions, increasing efficiency to longer durability. The method used in this study is a comparison of the results of each starting air system. The air intake system functions as an air supply for the combustion process, the first air intake system utilizing atmospheric pressure to push air into the combustion chamber which today has developed with a turbo system. Turbo system has functions to increase the amount of air supply and compress it, so that the combustion process will be more efficient and produce more environmentally friendly exhaust gases and more optimal power, in other words better efficiency this is known as a turbocharger.
The variety of fishing gear used by fishermen in Indonesia initiates how to choose the most environmentally friendly fishing gear with good efficiency. The Indonesian government bans cantrang fishing gear because it endangers fish ecosystems and coral reefs. It was then replaced with a longline. This study employs a case study method with descriptive analysis focusing on a case in detail and intensively. In addition to reviewing the environmental impact of using fishing gear cantrang and bottom longline, this study also analyzes the costs required for both tools from manufacture to maintenance, and the revenue of the catch. Based on the research conducted, the capital required for cantrang fishing gear is IDR. 29,450,000 and a longline of IDR. 29,030,000. The profit generated by the cantrang fishing gear for a year is IDR. 56,012,000 while the longline is IDR. 33,836,000. Therefore, it can be concluded that replacing the cantrang fishing gear with a bottom longline is considered simpler, environmentally friendly, inexpensive, and easy to develop.
Abstract The purpose of painting the ship is to improve the quality of the ship's hull. Superior painting techniques and materials result in a hull that is resistant to seawater and air corrosion, the painting process and procedures related to painting, since almost all of the ship's building materials are metallic finishes. In order for the paint to meet the specified requirements, it must comply with the specified painting process, one of which is the painting process according to Utomo (2019) pre-inspection, surface preparation, paint preparation, and paint application. For that, you need to know the various types of painting techniques that must be prepared before carrying out the hull painting process. Metal is very sensitive to corrosion, because the working area of the ship is near the sea. Repairs to ships are important things that need to be done routinely and need regular planning to ensure that at any time they can sail and operate safely. one of the maintenance of the ship is painting the purpose of painting is to improve the quality of the hull. One good technique with several stages, namely pre-inspection, surface preparation, paint preparation, and paint application can produce a hull that is resistant to damage from seawater and air. the repair process that is needed is coating. To find material requirements and coating costs, use a comparison of 2 local A paint products and international B paint products. Then it can be seen that the total coating requirement for the most economical 12 meter pilot boat is Cat B with a total of 453.15 liters and a cost of 36,692,619. Keywords: Coating, and Material Requirements
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