The research work herein presented is aimed at investigating the effects of different influencing factors on the in-plane failure mode of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures. Firstly, the in-plane stress failure criterion cited in this paper was introduced, and the corresponding judgment procedure was demonstrated. Then, various finite element models considering different influencing factors were established, which included the aspect ratio of pier (η), stiffness ratio of pier to spandrel (ρ) and vertical load (σ). Furthermore, the in-plane stress failure criterion that we introduced was used to evaluate the failure modes of each model. The main findings of the simulations were as follows: under the condition of (η ≤ 1.0), three failure modes emerged in all models, which included pier, mixed and spandrel failure modes, with the gradual increase in ρ. Once the value of η exceeded 1.0, all models exhibited the pier failure mode regardless of whether the value of ρ increased or decreased. Moreover, under the identical aspect ratio (η = 1.0), the failure modes of the models altered regularly with the increase in the value of σ (from 0.3 MPa to 0.6 MPa), which transferred from pier failure to mixed failure, and from mixed failure to spandrel failure. The research results not only provide theoretical reference for the design of new masonry buildings, but also provide technical guidance for the judgement and prediction of failure modes of existing masonry buildings.
With the increasing emphasis on sustainability, more and more environmentally friendly new materials and structures are developed, but they are difficult to be applied in engineering practice due to the lack of mature force resistance models. The design assisted by the testing method proposed by ISO2394:2015 and EN1990:2002 can solve this problem effectively. The aim of this paper was to analyze the characteristics of the method from a mathematical and statistical point of view based on the data and to suggest improvements. The resistance of each concrete member was derived by the design assisted by testing methods. The derivation results showed that the p values, the number of tests n , the coefficient of variation θ , and the coefficient of variation of resistance V R known or unknown have a large impact on the derived results. Also, the derivation by the Bayesian procedure or interval estimation methods might be negative. This indicates that the theory of the method is not rigorous and has some disadvantages.
The in-plane seismic behavior of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures is closely related to the aspect ratio of the wall and vertical load. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference between the failure mode of the model and the horizontal load using the finite element model (FEM) under the action of aspect ratio (0.50 to 2.00) and vertical load (0.2 MPa to 0.70 MPa). The overall macro model was established using the Abaqus software, and the corresponding simulation was performed. The simulation results indicate that: i) the shear failure and flexural failure were the main failure modes of masonry walls; ii) shear failure could be viewed as the main failure mode of the model when the aspect ratio was less than 1.00; however, the flexural failure was considered to be the main failure mode of the model once the aspect ratio was greater than 1.00; iii) when a vertical load of 0.20 MPa was applied to the model, only flexural failure was observed, regardless of whether the aspect ratio of the model increased or decreased; the flexural shear mixed failure was captured within the range of 0.30 MPa– 0.50 MPa; the shear failure was the main failure mode within the range of 0.60 MPa– 0.70 MPa; and iv) the wall with an aspect ratio less than 1.00 could bear a higher horizontal load, and the increase in vertical load can significantly improve the horizontal load of the wall. In contrast, once the aspect ratio of the wall reaches or exceeds 1.00, the increase in the vertical load has little effect on the increase in the horizontal load of the wall.
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