Background and purpose:Etiologic role, incidence, demographic, and response-to-treatment characteristics of urinary tract infection (UTI) among neonates, its relationship with significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and abnormalities of the urinary system were studied in a prospective investigation in early (≤10 days) idiopathic neonatal jaundice in which all other etiologic factors of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were ruled out.Patients and methods:Urine samples for microscopic and bacteriologic examination were obtained with bladder catheterization from 155 newborns with early neonatal jaundice. Newborns with a negative urine culture and with a positive urine culture were defined as group I and group II, respectively, and the 2 groups were compared with each other.Results:The incidence of UTI in whole of the study group was 16.7%. Serum total and direct bilirubin levels were statistically significantly higher in group II when compared with group I (P = .005 and P = .001, respectively). Decrease in serum total bilirubin level at the 24th hour of phototherapy was statistically significantly higher in group I compared with group II (P = .022).Conclusions:Urinary tract infection should be investigated in the etiologic evaluation of newborns with significant hyperbilirubinemia. The possibility of UTI should be considered in jaundiced newborns who do not respond to phototherapy well or have a prolonged duration of phototherapy treatment.

In addition to Rh and ABO incompatibilities subgroup incompatibilities may rarely play a role among the causes of hemolytic anemia and indirect hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. The most common minor blood group antigens that cause blood incompatibility between the mother and baby are C, c, E, e, Kell, Duffy, Diego, Kidd and MNSs antigens. In this article, a newborn in whom hyperbilirubinemia due to anti-E minor blood group incompatibility developed and was treated with phototherapy succesfully is presented and minor blood group incompatibilities due to anti-E are reviewed.

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ÖZİlk kez 2001'de tanımlanan human metapnömovirüs (hMPV), 10 yaş altı çocuklarda üst ve alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarında izole edilebilen bir virus olsa da ülkemizde bu virusla ilgili olarak yayınlanmış fazla sayıda çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Human metapneumovirus tanısında altın standart yöntem RT-PCR yöntemidir. Pnömoni kliniği ve laboratuvar bulguları ile başvuran hastalarda viral/bakteriyel pnömoni ayırıcı tanısın-da PCR gibi ileri tanı yöntemlerinin hızlı ve etkili bir şekilde kullanılması, hastalara gereksiz antibiyotik tedavisi uygulanmasının önüne geçilmesi ve gerekli durumlarda uygun antiviral tedavinin verilebilmesi açısından önemli katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu makalede solunum sıkıntısı bulguları ve oksijen gereksinimi ile başvuran ve enfeksiyon etkeninin human metapneumovirus olarak tespit edildiği 18 aylık hasta sunulmuş ve 2 yaş altı çocuklarda solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarında klasik solunum yolu viruslarına göre çok daha ender rastlanan ve son yıllarda tanımlanmış bir virus olan human metapnö-movirüs ile etken olarak karşılaşılabileceği vurgulanmak istenmiştir.Anahtar kelimeler: Alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonu, çocuk, human metapneumovirus, pnömoni, real-time PCR ABSTRACTAlthough human metapneumovirus (hMPV), which was first described in 2001, may be isolated in upper and lower airway infections of children less than 10 years of age, to our knowledge, many studies about this virus have been published in our country up to now. Real time -polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method is the gold standart diagnostic test for hMPV. Rapid and effective use of advanced diagnostic methods such as PCR in the differential diagnosis of viral/bacterial pneumonia in patients admitted with the clinical and laboratory findings of pneumonia would help to preclude inappropriate use of antibiotics and thus enable administration of appropriate antiviral treatment in indicated cases. In this article, an 18-month-old patient admitted with the findings of respiratory distress and oxygen requirement and in whom hMPV was detected as infectious agent is presented, and it is emphasized that hMPV, as a rarely isolated and relatively recently described virus in comparison to classical airway viruses, may be encountered as an etiologic agent in respiratory tract infections of children less than 2 years of age.