An expanded version of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to predict and explain public transportation use. A pre‐post design was used to examine changes in university students’ bus ridership after the implementation of a universal bus pass (U‐pass) program. Bus ridership significantly increased after the U‐pass was implemented, and associated changes in attitudes and beliefs about transportation modes were found. In both phases, students’ public transportation use was well predicted by the original TPB. However, 2 additional constructs—a descriptive norm, and the interaction between intention and perceived behavioral control—significantly improved prediction in both phases of the study. These constructs might be useful additions to the original TPB, at least in this behavioral domain.
The effects of support for free-market ideology and environmental apathy were investigated to identify some bases for not believing in global climate change. A survey of community residents' ( N= 185) beliefs about global climate change also assessed ecocentrism, anthropocentrism, perceived knowledge about climate change, and self-efficacy. The beliefs that global climate change is not occurring, is mainly not human caused, will also have positive consequences and that weaker intentions to undertake ameliorative actions were significantly associated with greater support for free-market ideology, greater environmental apathy, less ecocentrism, and less self-efficacy. About 40% of the variance in each belief and 56% of the variance in the behavioral intention was explained by these factors. The results suggest that the relation between support for free-market ideology and the beliefs about global climate change is mediated by environmental apathy.
Sometimes the visitors to therapeutic gardens do not necessarily experience the garden the way the designers intended. A postoccupancy evaluation (POE) can reveal discrepancies between the designer's intentions and use of the environment by the actual visitors. A POE is a user-oriented assessment that elicits the opinions of the visitors to a building, facility, or environment. This paper describes a POE of therapeutic gardens at a multilevel care facility for the aged. The population included patients at various stages of Alzheimer's disease progression.
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