Measurements were made of the sum of cathode fall and anode fall voltages, i.e. electrode fall voltages for , argon and air arcs at a pressure of 0.1 MPa in wide current range from 10 to 20 000 A. For each arc, copper - tungsten, copper, iron and tungsten were used as electrode materials. The arcs proved to have electrode fall voltages of 17.5, 17.5, 17.5 and 13.8 V at the Cu - W, Cu, Fe and W electrodes respectively. The electrode fall voltage of each arc was affected by the electrode material. It was also found that the electrode fall voltage of each arc at a given electrode was independent of current in the above range. Further, the electric field strength at cathode surface and thickness of cathode fall region were estimated on the basis of Temperature-and-Field emission theory.
Portal vein embolization induces an increase in hepatic arterial blood flow velocity in the embolized hepatic segments, resulting from an increase in common hepatic arterial flow, but not from a steal phenomenon due to decreased hepatic arterial blood flow in the nonembolized hepatic segments. This observation may be explained by the simple mechanical effect of interposing a slower flowing stream (portal flow) in the path of a faster flowing stream (arterial flow).
The decaying behaviour of the axial temperature distribution in the post-arc channel after current zero is measured around the nozzle throat in a flat-type SF6 gas-blast quenching chamber. In the quenching chamber, iron is intentionally used as the electrode material. Two iron atom spectral lines at wavelengths 426 and 443 nm are detectable even up to 100 mu s after current zero for an arc with peak value of 5 kA. This is because the spectral lines for iron have higher radiation intensities than those for other species such as sulphur ions or copper atoms. From the radiation intensities measured at each of the five axial positions around the nozzle throat, the temperatures are estimated by means of the two-line method. The axial temperature distribution shows a local maximum at the nozzle throat up to a time of 20 mu s after current zero. However, the temperature at the nozzle throat decays more rapidly than at the other axial positions. At 100 mu s after current zero, the temperature at the nozzle throat reaches 3500 K, the lowest magnitude among the axial positions.
The HM-1 killer toxin from Hansenula mrakii is known to inhibit cell wall beta-1,3-glucan synthase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other sensitive strains of yeast. A number of mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that show resistance to this toxin were isolated in order to clarify the killing mechanism of the toxin. These mutants, designated rhk (resistant to Hansenula killer), were classified into three complementation groups. A novel gene RHK1, which complements the killer-resistant phenotype of the largest complementation group rhk1, was isolated. DNA sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame that encodes a hydrophobic protein composed of 458 amino acids. Gene disruption followed by tetrad analysis showed that RHK1 is not essential and loss of RHK1 function endowed S. cerevisiae cells with complete killer resistance. A biochemical analysis suggested that RHK1 does not participate directly in the synthesis of beta-1,3-glucan but is involved in the synthesis of the receptor for the HM-1 killer toxin.
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