This study has been carried out to clarify the effect of Si content and hardness on the machinability of 5 Cr-3 Mo type hot working die steel. With decreasing Si content, the amount of adhesion of work to carbide tools increase, which results in the shorter life of carbide tools. The effect of hardness on the amount of adhesion and the tool life is smaller than that of Si content. With decreasing Si content and increasing hardness, cutting forces, calculated friction angle, and cutting temperature at early stage increase. It is difficult, however, to explain the shorter tool life of the steels with lower Si content in different hardness by cutting forces, friction angle and cutting temperature. It is considered due to the difference of diffusivity of the steels or their oxide layers with carbide tools.
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