Metabolic response by F-FDG was effective in predicting efficacy and survival at 1 month after nivolumab treatment.

No abstract

The FDG uptake observed in the inflamed RA joints may reflect disease activity. The FDG-PET response was correlated with the clinical response to the biologic treatment of RA.

DWI may be particularly advantageous in depicting lymph node and liver metastases and may have a higher rate of detecting metastatic lesions when compared with MIBG or FDG-PET. The limitations of DWI were possible false-positive finding, and probable lower detectability of mediastinal lymph node and lung metastasis.

Background/Aim: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor cells is regulated by a close interrelation between tumor and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical and biological significance of PD-L1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: PD-L1, cluster of differentiation (CD)4, CD8, and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) expression in tumor tissues obtained from 77 patients with OSCC was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining, and then analyzed for associations with clinical and biological factors. Results: Among the clinicopathological factors tested, only vascular invasion showed a trend toward lower PD-L1 expression (p=0.05). Metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) significantly positively correlated with PD-L1 expression (MTV, p=0.04; TLG, p=0.03). In patients with OSCC with high PD-L1 expression, those whose tumors had abundant infiltrating CD4 + T-cells showed a longer progression-free survival than those with low CD4 + T-cell infiltration (p=0.0452). Conclusion: As regulation of PD-L1 expression is complex, its evaluation combined with other markers may be useful to determine clinical applications of PD-L1 expression.Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies affecting the head and neck region, and the incidence has gradually been increasing over the past decades. Despite rapid advances in treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and target therapy, surgery is still a mainstream treatment for OSCC. Nowadays, emerging cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has brought about drastic changes in the field of clinical oncology. In head and neck cancer, including OSCC, treatment with the anti-programmed death 1 (PD1) antibody nivolumab has resulted in longer overall survival than with standard, single-agent chemotherapy for patients with platinum-refractory, recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) (1). ICBs blockade the PD1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis, which is a critical inhibitor of immune activation and plays an important role in tumor evasion of antitumor immune responses.Although PD-L1 expression in OSCC has already been examined by immunohistochemistry and reported on (2-6), its clinical significance, including related prognosis, remains unclear. When it comes to assessment of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, several points need to be considered, one of them being that PD-L1 expression is affected by the surrounding microenvironment. For instance, inflammatory conditions, hypoxia, or metabolic activity within the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been shown to change PD-L1 expression in tumor cells (7-9). Thus, PD-L1 expression 3039

Detection of the multi-organ involvement before treatment is important for patients with IgG4-RD. F-18 FDG PET/CT is an effective tool for assessing the location of extra-LSG lesions in patients with IgG4-RD with LSG inflammation.

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the prognostic value of positron emission tomography (PET) metabolic parameters—namely metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and total lesion retention (TLR)—on fluorine-18 (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and L- [3-18F]-α-methyltyrosine (18F-FAMT) PET/CT in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsThe study group comprised 112 NSCLC patients who underwent 18F-FDG and 18F-FAMT PET/CT prior to any therapy. The MTV, TLG, TLR, and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumors were determined. Automatic MTV measurement was performed using PET volume computer assisted reading software. (GE Healthcare). Cox proportional hazards models were built to assess the prognostic value of MTV, TLG (for 18F-FDG), TLR (for 18F-FAMT), SUVmax, T stage, N stage, M stage, clinical stage, age, sex, tumor histological subtype, and treatment method (surgery or other therapy) on overall survival (OS).ResultsHigher TNM, higher clinical stage, inoperable status, and higher values for all PET parameters (both 18F-FAMT and 18F-FDG PET) were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with shorter OS. Multivariate analysis revealed that a higher MTV of 18F-FAMT (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.88, CI: 1.63–5.09, P < 0.01) and advanced clinical stage (HR: 5.36, CI: 1.88–15.34, P < 0.01) were significant predictors of shorter OS.ConclusionsMTV of 18F-FAMT is of prognostic value for OS in NSCLC cases and can help guide decision-making during patient management.

The accurate depiction of both biologic and anatomic profiles of tumors has long been a challenge in PET imaging. An inflammation, which is innate in the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), frequently complicates the image analysis because of the limitations of 18 F-FDG and maximum standardized uptake values (SUV max ). New PET parameters, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), as well as 18 Ffluoro-α-methyltyrosine ( 18 F-FAMT), a malignancy-specific amino acid-based PET radiotracer, are considered more comprehensive in tumor image analysis. Here, we showed the substantial effects of the intratumoral inflammatory process on 18 F-FDG uptake and further study the possibility of MTV and TLG to predict both tumor biology (proliferation activity) and anatomy (pathologic tumor volume). Methods: 18 F-FDG and 18 F-FAMT PET images from 25 OSCC patients were analyzed. SUV max on the tumor site was obtained. PET volume computerized-assisted reporting was used to generate a volume of interest to obtain MTV and TLG for 18 F-FDG and total lesion retention (TLR) for 18 F-FAMT. The whole tumor dissected from surgery was measured and sectioned for pathologic analysis of tumor inflammation grade and Ki-67 labeling index. Results: The high SUV max of 18 F-FDG was related to the high inflammation grade. The SUV max ratio of 18 F-FDG to 18 F-FAMT was higher in inflammatory tumors (P , 0.05) whereas the corresponding value in tumors with a low inflammation grade was kept low. All 18 F-FAMT parameters were correlated with Ki-67 labeling index (P , 0.01). Pathologic tumor volume predicted from MTV of 18 F-FAMT was more accurate (R 5 0.90, bias 5 3.4 ± 6.42 cm 3 , 95% confidence interval 5 0.77-6.09 cm 3 ) than that of 18 F-FDG (R 5 0.77, bias 5 8.1 ± 11.17 cm 3 , 95% confidence interval 5 3.45-12.67 cm 3 ). Conclusion: 18 F-FDG uptake was overestimated by additional uptake related to the intratumoral inflammatory process, whereas 18 F-FAMT simply accumulated in tumors according to tumor activity as evaluated by Ki-67 labeling index in OSCC.