To examine the potential of organic thermoelectrics (TEs) for energy harvesting, we fabricated an organic TE module to achieve 250 mV in the open-circuit voltage which is sufficient to drive a commercially available booster circuit designed for energy harvesting usage. We chose the π-type module structure to maintain the temperature differences in organic TE legs, and then optimized the p- and n-type TE materials’ properties. After injecting the p- and n-type TE materials into photolithographic mold, we eventually achieved 250 mV in the open-circuit voltage by a method to form the upper electrodes. However, we faced a difficulty to reduce the contact resistance in this material system. We conclude that TE materials must be inversely designed from the viewpoints of the expected module structures and mass-production processes, especially for the purpose of energy harvesting.
ABSTRACT:Electron spin resonance spectroscopic studies on the microheterogeneity of crosslinked polymers were performed to ascertain the correlation of the void evaluation of monomethacrylate/dimethacrylate (DMA) cured resins with the microgel formation before gelation in their crosslinking copolymerizations. Lauryl methacrylate (LMA) was added to methyl MA (MMA)/ethylene DMA (EDMA) copolymerization because the addition of LMA reduces the occurrence of intramolecular crosslinking by the steric hindrance of bulky long-chain alkyl groups, leading to the formation of a less densely crosslinked microgel core and a less microheterogeneously crosslinked resin. Then MMA/vinyl laurate (VL)/EDMA terpolymerization was performed because the polymerizability of conjugated methacryloyl groups belonging to MMA and EDMA is markedly high compared with the unconjugated vinyloxycarbonyl group of VL. Thus, enhanced microheterogeneity for MMA/VL/EDMA terpolymerization would be induced as compared with MMA/EDMA copolymerization. Finally, allyl MA (AMA) and vinyl MA (VMA) crosslinkers were used in place of EDMA because in the polymerizations of AMA and VMA having two types of carbon-carbon double bonds of different reactivities there was no microgelation observed up to the gel-point conversion.
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