Lead (Pb) is known to be highly poisonous, and the acute poisoning of Cd causes the abdominal pains, vomiting, and shock. The digestive and nervous symptom is observed in the chronic lead poisoning. It was also known that the defect in hemoglobin synthesis by Pb produce anemia. The release of Pb into the environment presents a source of exposure for wild animals. In this study, we examined the utility of a new Pb-monitoring index in mice administered Pb. A solution containing 0.02, 0.2, 2, or 4 ppm lead chloride (PbCl2) was administered intraperitoneally to mice, and the Pb contents of the kidney and liver were determined at designated time points. The mean Pb content of both organs increased depending on the administered Pb dosage. Although the results of control was near the detection limits, the administration of 4 ppm in 4 weeks resulted in Pb levels of 260 mg ppm/wet weight and 110 ppm wet weight in the kidney and liver, respectively. However, there were no significant relationships among administered dose, duration of Pb treatment, and liver or kidney Pb content. Then, values in all mice administered control or 0.02 mg Pb were located inside the ellipse, representing the confidence area of the new index, and values in all mice administered more than 2 mg Pb were located outside the ellipse. These results confirm that animals exposed to high concentrations of Pb would be detected by this new index.
A simple and accurate analytical method for the determination of acaricides in honey was developed and validated in accordance with Japanese validation guidelines. Analytes - amitraz, N-2,4-dimethylphenyl-N-methylformamidine (DMPF), etoxazole, fenpyroximate, fipronil, hexythiazox, propargite, pyridaben and spirodiclofen - were extracted with ethyl acetate under basic conditions and subsequently cleaned up using an InertSep(®) MA-1 polymer-based anion-exchange column. The method was validated by fortified recovery tests at three different concentrations (1, 5 and 10 µg kg(-1)) performed with three samples daily on five different days. The method exhibited recoveries of 77-116% and precision (relative standard deviations - RSDs) of repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility ranged from 2% to 22% and from 3% to 23%, respectively. The sample solution was successfully cleaned up to enable quantification using external solvent calibration curves. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were estimated to be 1 µg kg(-1) for all analytes. The method was applied to honey samples commercially available in Tokyo, Japan. Analysis of 250 honey samples indicated that amitraz was present in 127 samples, and that its residual concentration was less than 20 µg kg(-1). Propargite was detected in 23 samples at concentrations less than 1 µg kg(-1).
A simple analytical method for the determination of hydrocortisone and progesterone in bovine, swine, and chicken muscle and eggs was developed. Hydrocortisone and progesterone were extracted with acetonitrile and subsequently cleaned-up using an Oasis HLB mini-cartridge. The method was validated in accordance with Japanese guidelines and exhibited trueness from 86.6% to 104.3% and precision (relative standard deviations (RSDs) of repeatability and within reproducibility were under 8.7% and 11.7%, respectively). The method was applied to 103 bovine muscle, 137 swine muscle, 69 chicken muscle and 52 egg samples that were commercially available in Tokyo, Japan. The hydrocortisone concentration was 0.9-41.2 µg kg(-1) in all bovine muscle samples, with an average of 7.7 µg kg(-1) and a median of 6.2 µg kg(-1). The progesterone concentration in 50 samples exceeded the limit of quantification (LOQ) and reached a maximum of 95.4 µg kg(-1). Hydrocortisone was also detected in all swine muscle samples at concentrations of 2.0-56.0 µg kg(-1). Its average and median concentrations amounted to 13.1 and 11.3 µg kg(-1), respectively. Twenty-three samples contained progesterone levels surpassing the LOQ, with a maximum concentration of 107.0 µg kg(-1). No chicken muscle samples contained any of the analytes. The progesterone concentration was 15.5-200.0 µg kg(-1) in all egg samples, with an average of 95.4 µg kg(-1) and a median of 90.5 µg kg(-1).
We report a rare case of a large Brunner’s gland hyperplasia (BGH) with severe anemia. A 33-year-old woman was transferred to our hospital with anemia and a duodenal mass. She had a 2-week history of melena and mild shortness of breath. Her hemoglobin level was 4.9 g/dl, and she required a blood transfusion. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a 7 cm tumor in the descending duodenum, and duodenoscopy revealed a polyp-like tumor with an ulcer at the duodenal bulb. We decided to perform surgery to prevent further bleeding. Intraoperatively, the tumor stalk was located at the anterior wall of the duodenal bulb; the ampulla was not involved, and we resected the tumor with the wall of the duodenal bulb. The resected tumor measured 7.0 × 4.0 × 2.3 cm , and pathologically, the tumor consisted of proliferated Brunner’s glands in a small amount of fibrous stroma. The histological diagnosis was BGH with no malignancy. Most cases of BGH are benign and asymptomatic; however, it is important to be aware that some patients have severe anemia, gastrointestinal obstruction, or malignant potential.
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