~~Thiamin caused depression of growth, a marked decrease in cellular vitamin B6 content and cytochrome oxidase activity in Saccharomyces yeasts growing in a vitamin B,-free medium under aerobic conditions but had practically no effect in Kluyveromyces, Schizosaccharomyces and Candida spp. Pyridoxine added concomitantly with thiamin permitted the thiaminsensitive yeasts to grow normally with increased activity of cytochrome oxidase. 6-Aminolaevulinate also caused the increase in cytochrome oxidase activity but growth was only partially improved by the addition of this precursor of haem biosynthesis. These phenomena were similar to those found previously in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis strain 4228 (ATCC 9080) (Nakamura et al., 198 1). Thiamin-sensitive yeasts accumulated thiamin more than 24-fold when compared with the thiamin-insensitive cells. Thiamin transported into the thiamin-sensitive yeasts was recovered only in the non-esterified form. Thiamin added to the growth medium was also accumulated by growing cells of the thiamin-sensitive yeasts especially during the lag and early exponential phases of growth. Pyridoxine did not affect either thiamin accumulation or the intracellular form of the transported thiamin.
It has been found that a relatively low-dose focused ion beam irradiation makes an organogold film insoluble to its solvents (e.g., trichloroethylene), resulting in submicron pattern formation. Ion beam induced, low conductivity as with resistivities of (4–4000) MΩ/⧠ has been observed for more than 1×1015 ions/cm2 dose for a 0.65-μm-thick film. However, by heat treatment at 300 °C after low-dose ion beam patterning, gold patterns with resistivity of 3×10−4 Ω cm, which is about 100 times the bulk gold value, are obtained.
Water cluster ion beams were irradiated on mica surfaces to investigate the interaction between molecular cluster ions and a mica surface. The contact angle of the mica surface increased with increasing dose of the water cluster ion beam, but the increase in the contact angle was smaller than that induced by an ethanol cluster ion beam. The surface roughness also increased with increasing dose of the water cluster ion beam, whereas the intensity of K 2p x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy peaks decreased with increasing dose of the water cluster ion beam. The decrease in the number of potassium atoms together with the increase in the surface roughness may be the causes of the increase in the contact angle.
A crude enzyme or protein which can decompose 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) was isolated by ultrasonic methods from a yeast of the Candidasp. The ability of this enzyme to decompose MIB was investigated under different chemical conditions and the effects of glucose, ethanol, and adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) on this decomposition reaction were tested empirically. The crude enzyme was immobilized in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) disk, which was used to study the decomposition of MIB at the laboratory scale.
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