In this experiment, the motion of a drum player's arm was measured by the optical motion capture system in various performance types. From these actual movement data, we analyzed about the acceleration and sound energy flux of the stick before and after excitation. Moreover, the snap of a wrist which is very important at the time of a high drum performance and the relation of acceleration, and the relation of sound energy flux were also analyzed. From those results, it was suggested that the snap of the wrist was important at the time of a high drum performance, and it was concerned with sound power. Especially, the performance which player hit the drum speedy and repeatedly was concerned with the acceleration of stick before and after excitation.
Proposed here is a "Motion Averaging Method", for the analysis of motion data of musical performance on expressing emotion obtained by a motion capture system. The method is made to analyze the motion on expressing any emotion on playing the snare drum. Specifically, the motions for an etude with each of emotion (tenderness/happiness/anger/fear/sadness) played by three trained percussionists were recorded by using a motion capture system. Obtained data (*.trc) were corrected and then adjusted among them by shifting and rotating player's position, so as to compensate the difference of position of players on recording. Moreover, the difference among each performance in time is uniformed by stretching (expanding or contracting) the motion data based on the impact time of the performance. Expanded or contracted data were then averaged for each emotion. Obtained motion is called an "averaged motion", which shows common motion of the performance on expressing each of an emotion. Features of the averaged motions for each emotion are measured by observing differences and tendencies among each player were investigated. This study shows a list of features of motion on playing the snare drum by three trained players. We also discuss about the application of the method.
This surgical video shows a 19-yr-old woman with focal impaired awareness seizures. Seizure semiology showed no lateralizing signs. Ictal electroencephalography (EEG) failed to determine the seizure origin. Interictal EEG showed bilateral spike-and-waves at the temporal electrodes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed suspected hippocampal sclerosis on the right side. To determine the side of the focus, depth electrodes were implanted in both hippocampi. Invasive video EEG identified the seizure origin on the right. The decision was made to perform selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SelAH) via the middle temporal gyrus (MTG). An endoscope was used to minimize the craniotomy and shorten the skin incision. A 5-cm linear skin incision and 2.5-cm craniotomy were made. A thin tube was inserted to the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle (Inf-H) under neuronavigation to guide the route to the Inf-H. The endoscope was introduced. A 1.5-cm corticotomy was made at the MTG, and white matter was aspirated until opening the Inf-H. The hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus were removed with the usual steps in microsurgical SelAH. The surgical time was 4 h 20 min. The patient was discharged without complications and has remained seizure free. In addition to the preoperative objectives, using an endoscope widens the surgical view in the Inf-H compared with microsurgical procedures. Although seizure and cognitive outcomes are expected to be comparable to those from other methods of SelAH, invasiveness might be reduced. This appears to represent the first video report of endoscopic SelAH. The patient consented to the procedure and publication of her images and surgical video.
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