In this study, the low-temperature synthesis of rhodium phosphide (Rh2P) on alumina (Al2O3) using triphenylphosphine (TPP) as a phosphorus (P) source and its catal ytic activit y toward 2 hydrodesulfurization (HDS) were investigated to prepare a highl y active HDS catal yst. TPP was more easil y reduced than phosphate, and Rh2P was formed in the P (T)/Rh/Al2O3 catal yst prepared from TTP at lower temperature as compared with the temperature required by Rh-P(A)/Al2O3 catal yst prepared from a phosphate precursor. However, after reduction at a low temperature (450 °C), excess P covered the surface of Rh2P. The optimal reduction temperature for HDS rate of the P(T)/Rh/Al 2 O3 catal yst (650 °C) was lower than that of the Rh-P(A)/Al2O3 catal yst (800 °C). Furthermore, t his temperature was slightly hig her than the optimal reduction temperature for CO uptake (600 °C). These results are explained as follows: HDS rate is increased by both elimination of excess P on the active sites at higher reduction temperature s and enhancement of the crystallinit y of Rh2P. Furthermore, because the particle size of the P(T)/Rh/Al2O3 catal yst (ca. 1.2 nm) was substantiall y smaller than that of the Rh-P(A)/Al2O3 catal yst, the P(T)/Rh/Al2O3 catal yst exhibited greater HDS rate compared with the Rh-P(A)/Al2O3 catal yst.

ANAC071 and its homolog ANAC096 are plant-specific transcription factors required for the initiation of cell division during wound healing in incised Arabidopsis flowering stems and Arabidopsis hypocotyl grafts; however, the mechanism remains mostly unknown. In this study, we showed that wound-induced cambium formation involved cell proliferation and the promoter activity of TDR/PXY (cambium-related gene) in the incised stem. Prior to the wound-induced cambium formation, both ANAC071 and ANAC096 were expressed at these sites. anac-multiple mutants significantly decreased wound-induced cambium formation in the incised stems and suppressed the conversion from mesophyll cells to cambial cells in an ectopic vascular cell induction culture system (VISUAL). Our results suggest that ANAC071 and ANAC096 are redundantly involved in the process of “cambialization”, the conversion from differentiated cells to cambial cells, and these cambium-like cells proliferate and provide cells in wound tissue during the tissue-reunion process.

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