This study examined the seasonal proportion change of ryanodine receptor mutation (G4946E) for Plutella xylostella populations using quantitative sequencing. Results showed that the proportions of G4946E generally increased from spring through summer, but then decreased in autumn. Furthermore, the proportions in late autumn were similar to those in early spring of the subsequent year. These results suggest that diamide effectiveness for P. xylostella control in the reference year can be evaluated based on a proportion survey in the prior year.
This study examined changes in the proportions of ryanodine receptor mutations (G4946E and I4790K) for Plutella xylostella populations in the field. Results show that the proportion of G4946E decreased during the survey years without diamide application and that insects with I4790K were observed less frequently during the survey period. This study also examined the biotic performances of diamide-resistant P. xylostella strains. The results show that the diamide-resistant strains exhibited hatchability, larval development, and fecundity equivalent to those of diamide-susceptible strains.
Lethal effects of concentrated CO2 at 40 C on adult females and eggs of Tetranychus urticae Koch were examined. No adult female survived after 6-h exposure to 60% CO2, and almost all eggs at different ages died after 6-h treatment with 60% CO2. No marked increase in CO2 tolerance was observed as the egg stage progressed. These results suggest that both adult females and eggs of T. urticae can be controlled with the same CO2 treatment at a high temperature.
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