A novel photocatalytic system constructed using Eosin Y, a-Keggin-type diplatinum(II)-coordinated tungstophosphate Cs 3 [a-PW 11 O 39 {cis-Pt(NH 3 ) 2 } 2 ]Á8H 2 O (Cs-Pt-1), a-Keggin-type mono-aluminum(III)-coordinated tungstosilicate K 5 [a-SiW 11 {Al(OH 2 )}O 39 ]Á7H 2 O (KAl-1), and titanium dioxide achieved a steady rate of hydrogen evolution with highly effective utilization of platinum sites from aqueous triethanolamine solution during a long-term visible light irradiation. Graphical Abstract Eosin Y TiO 2 Visible light Aqueous TEOA solution H 2 Cs-Pt 1 K-Al-1
The tetramethylammonium salts of diplatinum(II) complexes composed of monolacunary Keggin-type silico and germanotungstates, [(CH 3 ) of TMA-Si-Pt and TMA-Ge-Pt showed signals assigned to the two sets of NH 3 ligands coordinated to the platinum sites. These three platinum compounds showed hydrogen evolution from aqueous triethanolamine solution under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 400 nm) in the presence of eosin Y, α-Keggin mono-aluminum-substituted silicotungstate, and titanium dioxide. The catalytic activities were influenced by the central atoms, and TMA-P-Pt showed the highest activities among the three platinum compounds.
At the Municipal Ikeda Hospital, a system in which pharmacists stationed in one ward pharmacy dispense drugs to be administered by injection and injectable preparations delivered to patients' bedsides was introduced in April 2000. This system was aimed at minimizing risks related to injections. Initially, however, on holidays, nurses played the roles of pharmacists in terms of the injections, and there were concerns over a possible rise in the incidence of errors (adverse events/near-misses) related to injections on these days compared with weekdays. Later, when planning to introduce a new holiday work system in the ward pharmacy, we took into account such factors as the number of pharmacists needed on holidays, their duties on holidays and the in‰uence on weekday pharmacy activity of compensatory days-oŠ taken by such pharmacists. In May 2004, the new holiday work system was introduced in the ward pharmacy. Under the new system, 5 pharmacists work at the ward pharmacy on holidays. After this system was put into operation, the number of injections dispensed at the ward pharmacy averaged 230 per day, and 177 per holiday. To evaluate the validity of this system, we recently conducted a questionnaire survey of nurses at our hospital. The survey involved 139 nurses. Of these nurses, 69.1% responded that the number of incidents (adverse events/near-misses) related to dispensing injections on holidays had decreased. Furthermore, 65.4% of the nurses reported a decrease in incidents related to the delivery and administration of injectable preparations. More than half of the nurses answered that the new system had made it easier for them to collect information on medicines and helped them provide better nursing services. When the nurses were asked to make a general assessment of the new system, 90% rated the system as``good.'' The results of this survey indicate that keeping the ward pharmacy open on holidays contributes to the promotion of the proper use of medicines, reduction of risks related to injections and improvement in the quality of medical care.
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