Though danger prediction and countermeasures for landslides are important, it is fundamentally difficult to take preventive measures in all areas susceptible to dangerous landslides. Therefore, it is necessary to perform landslide susceptibility mapping, extract slopes with high landslide hazard/risk, and prioritize locations for conducting investigations and countermeasures. In this study, landslide susceptibility mapping along the whole slope of the Japanese archipelago was performed using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method, and geographic information system analysis was conducted to extract the slope that had the same level of hazard/risk as areas where landslides occurred in the past, based on the ancient landslide topography in the Japanese archipelago. The evaluation factors used were elevation, slope angle, slope type, flow accumulation, geology, and vegetation. The landslide susceptibility of the slope was evaluated using the score accumulation from the AHP method for these evaluation factors. Based on the landslide susceptibility level (I to V), a landslide susceptibility map was prepared, and landslide susceptibility assessment in the Japanese archipelago was identified. The obtained landslide susceptibility map showed good correspondence with the landslide distribution, and correlated well with past landslide occurrences. This suggests that our method can be applied to the extraction of unstable slopes, and is effective for prioritizing and implementing preventative measures.
Landslides and slope failures are often caused by earthquakes. This study proposes a method to map earthquake-induced slope failure hazards that uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and a geographic information system (GIS) for four districts where many slope failures were induced by earthquakes (the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi, 2016 Kumamoto, 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku, and 2004 Mid Niigata Prefecture earthquakes). The assessment system, which was based on the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience landslide distribution maps, was analyzed using the methods of previously published. We considered the relationships between the earthquake-induced slope failure distributions and landslide hazard factors (elevation, slope angle, slope type, catchment degree, geology, and vegetation). These relationships were utilized for pairwise comparisons of the factors in the AHP analysis. The slope angle, slope type, and catchment degree exerted the highest effects on the slope failure distribution in the four districts. The four earthquake-induced slope failure distributions were highly consistent with the slope failure hazard rank. These results provide a practical method for evaluating earthquake-induced slope-failure hazards.
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