Because a rank-ordered recruitment of motor units occurs during isometric contraction of jaw-closing muscles, jaw-closing motoneurons (MNs) may be recruited in a manner dependent on their soma sizes or input resistances (IRs). In the dorsolateral part of the trigeminal motor nucleus (dl-TMN) in rats, MNs abundantly express TWIK (two-pore domain weak inwardly rectifying K channel)-related acid-sensitive-K+ channel (TASK)-1 and TASK3 channels, which determine the IR and resting membrane potential. Here we examined how TASK channels are involved in IR-dependent activation/recruitment of MNs in the rat dl-TMN by using multiple methods. The real-time PCR study revealed that single large MNs (>35 μm) expressed TASK1 and TASK3 mRNAs more abundantly compared with single small MNs (15–20 μm). The immunohistochemistry revealed that TASK1 and TASK3 channels were complementarily distributed in somata and dendrites of MNs, respectively. The density of TASK1 channels seemed to increase with a decrease in soma diameter while there were inverse relationships between the soma size of MNs and IR, resting membrane potential, or spike threshold. Dual whole-cell recordings obtained from smaller and larger MNs revealed that the recruitment of MNs depends on their IRs in response to repetitive stimulation of the presumed Ia afferents. 8-Bromoguanosine-cGMP decreased IRs in small MNs, while it hardly changed those in large MNs, and subsequently decreased the difference in spike-onset latency between the smaller and larger MNs, causing a synchronous activation of MNs. These results suggest that TASK channels play critical roles in rank-ordered recruitment of MNs in the dl-TMN.

The origami technique realizes unique mechanical properties of sheet materials without additional parts. Herein, a self‐folded corrugated structure (SCS) is developed based on the reinforcing properties of the origami technique. The corrugated structures are used as the core materials for a high‐strength, open‐channel sandwich structure. Research on self‐folded core materials is scarce; thus, a design concept is proposed, and the mechanical properties of the SCS are evaluated. First, the structural parameters of the SCS fabricated by changing the printing parameters (e.g., linewidth and number of lines/creases), to derive the structural model, are determined. The model facilitates the design of an SCS with the desired structure. Thereafter, the mechanical properties of the SCSs are evaluated by conducting three‐point bending tests to determine the essential design parameters corresponding to high stiffness. Moreover, SCSs can be stacked without occupying space, thus leading to improved strength. These SCSs fabricated using self‐folding paper by inkjet printing are low cost and ecofriendly. Moreover, they are specialized for rapid design and fabrication, depending on the application. Herein, the use of SCS as a novel smart core because it exhibits high transportation efficiency and stiffness without additional components is proposed. An interactive preprint version of the article can be found at: https://www.authorea.com/doi/full/10.22541/au.164915946.65764739.

Patient:A 73-year-old male patient diagnosed as left maxillary cancer was referred to our prosthodontic clinic by an oral surgeon before oral surgery. An early post-operative maxillary denture for a defective jaw was fabricated 15 days after the surgery, and the final maxillary denture for the defective jaw was fabricated 12 months after surgery. However, because there was a liquid flow into the nasal cavity, the obturator was improved by dynamic impression and indirect relining. Discussion: The technique of improving the sealing ability of the obturator by dynamic impression and indirect relining was useful for blocking the liquid flow into the nasal cavity. Conclusion: Liquid flow into the nasal cavity was improved by dynamic impression and indirect relining. As a result, patient satisfaction was obtained.