Strongly acidic cation-exchange membranes were prepared by the electron-beam-induced graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate onto a high-density polyethyleneˆlm with a thickness of 35 mm and the subsequent conversion of the resulting epoxy group into a sulfonic acid group. The resulting cation-exchange membranes with various ion-exchange capacities or sulfonic acid group densities ranging from 1.9 to 2.7 mmol/g were applied to the enrichment of 0.50 mol/L sulfuric acid by electrodialysis. Concentrated sulfuric acids at concentrations of 1.4 to 2.9 mol/L were obtained in the concentrate chamber during the electrodialysis operated at 30 mA/cm 2 and 298 K, using a pair of this cation-exchange membrane and a commercially available anion-exchange membrane.
Bromo-butyl styrene (BBS) was graft-polymerized onto a high-density polyethylene film with a thickness of 35 m, previously irradiated with an electron beam. The BBS-grafted film was converted into a strongly basic anionexchange membrane (BBS-TMA membrane) by reacting with trimethylamine hydrochloride. The thickness and resistance of the BBS-TMA membrane with a BBS grafting degree of 140% and a TMA group density of 2.2 mol/kg were 50 m and 0.57 cm 2 , respectively, in 0.50 M sodium chloride at 298 K. After 42-day immersion of this membrane in 5.0 M NaOH at 353 K, the transport number of the BBS-TMA membrane decreased by 1.6% to 0.925 from its initial value of 0.94.
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