No abstract

Sleep-related driving fatigue has been recognised as one main cause of traffic accidents. In Indonesia, experiment-based driving fatigue study is still very limited, therefore it is necessary to develop laboratory-based experiment procedure for sleep-related fatigue study. In this preliminary study, we performed a literature review to find references for the procedure and three pilot experiments to test the instruments and procedure to be used in measuring driving fatigue. Three subjects participated, both from experienced and inexperienced drivers. Our pilot experiments were performed on a driving simulator using OpenDS software with brake and lane change test reaction time measurement. We measured sleepiness by using Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) Questionnaire. The conditions of the experiment were based on illumination intensity as well as pre- and post-lunch session. We found that lane change reaction time is more potential than brake reaction time to measure driving performance as shown by the more fluctuating data. Post-lunch seems to induce drowsiness greater than illumination intensity. KSS questionnaire seems non-linear with driving performance data. We need to test further these speculations in the future studies involving a sufficient number of subjects. We also need to compare the effect of circadian rhythm and sleep deprivation on driving fatigue. The use of eye closure and physiological measurement in further study will enable us to measure driving fatigue more objectively. Considering the limitations, more preliminary experiments are required to be performed before conducting the main experiment of driving fatigue.

This paper attempts to grant Indonesian identity in the development and importing the public transportation equipment from overseas. We reviewed and surveyed the present state issues of Indonesian public transportation equipment design development. The study analyzed the philosophical values of batik in a modern way, the possibility of batik application for important regionalism identity, and identity in design development strategy. As a result, we gather and assess the philosophical values of Batik motifs that contain geographic origin, the essences, and characteristics to be applied as design element strategies. We found the regional identity of the historical, local wisdom essence, acculturation, various colors, and original shapes of the Batik motifs. Moreover, Indonesian fancy design is also supported by other possibilities indigenous material and technique that usually used, particularly in Indonesia. These possibilities were identically Indonesian and also applicable as the sustainable public transport equipment design identity issue solution. This effort was conducted as the turning point to solve the issues of public transport equipment design strategies dependency. Thus, this research will be helpful for aesthetics research in the modern way of the public transportation equipment design concept.

No abstract

No abstract