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IntroductionBacteria in activated sludge usually aggregate with each other and this process is called floc formation. This floc formation is an integral part of the activated sludge process. In a previous paper (Tago and Aida, 1977), we reported on a floc-forming bacterium isolated from activated sludge and mentioned that it belongs to the genus Pseudomonas, although it is not classifiable into one of the described species. Here, we describe morphological, phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic characteristics of this strain. On the basis of the results described, we propose that this strain be considered a novel species of the genus Comamonas and given the name Comamonas badia. Materials and Methods Bacterial strain. Strain IAM 14839T (previously designated as strain no. 12) was isolated from a phenol-adapted activated sludge derived from plant in Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan (Tago et al., 1975a). Growth media and cultivation. LB medium containing 10 g of tryptone, 5 g of yeast extracts and 5 g of NaCl per liter (pH 7.2) was used. One milliliter of stocked culture of strain IAM 14839 T at Ϫ80°C in LB medium plus 20% glycerol was inoculated into 100 ml of LB medium in a 500-ml flask and incubated on a rotary shaker at 27°C for 3 days. The 3-day culture was left standing for 15 min and the settled mass of the floc was transferred into 2 L of the same medium in a 5-L flask by a pipette and incubated for 3 days. The final culture was left standing for 20 min and the settled mass was washed several times with deionized cold water by decantation. This floc was used for chromosomal DNA extraction and the lyophilized floc was used for chemotaxonomic characterization.

It is important to know the behavior of jets from a top-blown lance in order to control the spitting phenomena in the converter. However, there are few studies on the characteristics of jets from nozzles and effects of them on spitting rates.In this study, the characteristics of jets from multi-hole lance and the effects of them on spitting behavior were investigated by cold and hot model experiments. Furthermore, lances were proposed and evaluated which have newly designed 6-hole nozzles with different diameters and inclination angles.As a result, spitting rates were found to be influenced by maximum dynamic pressure of jets and distance of pressure peak from the lance axis. And lances with newly designed nozzle arrangement were confirmed to be effective to decrease the spitting rate.

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A major cytokinin found in coconut milk was isolated by using the tobacco callus growth-promoting assay as a guide during purification. The structure of the factor was determined to be 14-O-(3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-- >3)- alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl]-4-O-(alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl)-beta-D- galactopyranosyl)-trans-zeatin riboside [G3A2-ZR] by various NMR techniques, including heteronuclear multiple bond connectivity by 2D multiple quantum NMR (HMBC), as well as mass spectroscopy and sugar analysis. The optimum concentration of G3A2-ZR for cytokinin activity in the tobacco callus assay was estimated to be 5 x 10(-6) M, so that G3A2-ZR is one order of magnitude more potent than 1,3-diphenylurea and one order less potent than zeatin riboside. At least 20% of the cytokinin activity of coconut milk could be attributed to G3A2-ZR.