Polyphenols are widely distributed in various fruits, vegetables and seasonings. It is well known that they have several physiological effects due to their antioxidative activities. Their activities depend on structural characteristics that favour the formation of their corresponding stable radicals. During the examination at which pH values, the polyphenol radicals are stabilized, we confirmed that polyphenol radicals were stabilized in NaHCO3/Na2CO3 buffer (pH 10) rather than in physiological pH region. Then, we measured electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra at pH 10 to examine the characteristics of free radical species derived from caffeic acid (CA) with an unsaturated side chain, dihydrocaffeic acid (DCA) with a saturated side chain, chlorogenic acid (ChA) and rosmarinic acid (RA). In analyzing the radical structures, ESR simulation, determinations of macroscopic and microscopic acid dissociation constants and molecular orbital (MO) calculation were performed. In CA, the monophenolate forms were assumed to participate in the formation of free radical species, while in DCA, the diphenol form and the monophenolate forms were presumed to contribute to the formation of free radical species. On the basis of the results, we propose the possible structures of the free radical species formed from polyphenols under alkaline conditions.
Background: To evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Materials and Methods: Pregnant women registered from 2015 through 2017 (n = 6994) at five perinatal centers that managed high-risk pregnancies in Mie, Japan, retrospectively. Rates of preterm birth (<37 gestational weeks), early onset preeclampsia (<34 gestational weeks), late onset preeclampsia (≥34 gestational weeks), low-lying placenta, placenta previa, placenta accreta, placental abruption, atonic bleeding, uterine rupture, and amniotic fluid embolism after ART were evaluated. ART was defined as in vitro fertilization and micro-fertilization. Fisher’s exact test, Mann–Whitney’s U test, and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: Rates of obstetrical complications including low-lying placenta, placenta previa, placenta accreta, and atonic bleeding were increased with ART compared to those with the control. Particularly, ART was associated with a significantly increased rate of placenta accreta (adjusted odds ratio: 7.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.20–16.6) and significantly decreased rate of placental abruption (adjusted odds ratio: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07–0.61). Conclusions: This study showed that ART may reduce placental abruption and increase placenta previa. There is a possibility that the placenta attaches deeper in the myometrium because of ART.
41This questionnaire survey was conducted at 11 hospitals in Japan to determine 42 vaccination coverage against seasonal influenza and the prevalence rate of influenza 43 among pregnant Japanese women. Of 2808 postpartum women who gave birth at the 11 44 hospitals during the study period from March 1, 2014, to July 31, 2014, 1713 influenza infection rate by 35% (3.9% vs. 6.3% for women with and without 55 vaccination, respectively; P=0.0272). Seventy-two (83%) of the 87 women took 56 antiviral agents for the treatment of influenza and two (2.3%) required hospitalization. 57These results suggested that pregnant Japanese women had a high level of concern 58 regarding seasonal influenza. However, campaigns targeting young pregnant Japanese 59 women as well as multiparous women for vaccination are needed to further reduce the 60 incidence of influenza among pregnant Japanese women. 61 62
Although various perinatal outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 pregnancies have been reported, the fetal and neonatal consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remain unclear. Several reports of miscarriages and stillbirths have been recorded, but vertical transmission by SARS-CoV-2 is considered very rare, and the cause remains unknown. We report a case of a 22-year-old uncomplicated Japanese woman infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the second trimester, resulting in intrauterine fetal death due to placental insufficiency associated with COVID-19 placentitis. This report emphasizes the importance of longitudinal assessment of fetal well-being by fetal heart rate monitoring and early detection of maternal coagulation dysfunction representing SARS-CoV-2 inflammation to manage COVID-19 in pregnancy.
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