Gout is a common type of acute arthritis that results from elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed several novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) associated with SUA levels. Of these, rs10821905 of A1CF and rs1178977 of BAZ1B showed the greatest and the second greatest significant effect size for increasing SUA level in the Japanese population, but their association with gout is not clear. We examined their association with gout using 1411 clinically-defined Japanese gout patients and 1285 controls, and meta-analyzed our previous gout GWAS data to investigate any association with gout. Replication studies revealed both SNPs to be significantly associated with gout (P = 0.0366, odds ratio [OR] with 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30 [1.02–1.68] for rs10821905 of A1CF, P = 6.49 × 10–3, OR with 95% CI: 1.29 [1.07–1.55] for rs1178977 of BAZ1B). Meta-analysis also revealed a significant association with gout in both SNPs (Pmeta = 3.16 × 10–4, OR with 95% CI: 1.39 [1.17–1.66] for rs10821905 of A1CF, Pmeta = 7.28 × 10–5, OR with 95% CI 1.32 [1.15–1.51] for rs1178977 of BAZ1B). This study shows the first known association between SNPs of A1CF, BAZ1B and clinically-defined gout cases in Japanese. Our results also suggest a shared physiological/pathophysiological background between several populations, including Japanese, for both SUA increase and gout susceptibility. Our findings will not only assist the elucidation of the pathophysiology of gout and hyperuricemia, but also suggest new molecular targets.
In Amami-Oshima there are many forest resources and vegetation cover was mostly laurel trees like Castanopsis sieboldii. We investigated traditional wooden folk houses in Amami-Oshima. This report is mainly presented the wooden construction system called "Hikimun". We researched seven traditional wooden folk houses at Sumiyou villages and Yamato villages there are the mountain area and at Kasari villages there are the plain area in Amami-Oshima. Castanopsis sieboldii was used as many parts except the main construction. As inter pillars and Hikimun, Schima wallichii were used. And about after 1945, Castanopsis sieboldii was used as a roofing called Hiraki.
In Tanekura, a village in the Hida district of Gifu, many traditional wooden folk houses and storehouses have remained. This paper aims to clarify transition of timber use for folk houses thorough use of common forest there. Finally, the following were clari ed. Folk houses were constructed with kinds of timber which in uenced by trees in common forest. In end of Edo period, chestnut and oak were used for many parts of framework in folk houses. Gradually such tree species were replaces to sugi (Japanese cedar).
In Amami-Oshima, folk houses characterized by "HIKIMUN construction" have remained. This study aims to clarify the regional characteristics of HIKIMUN construction systems and its determining factors. HIKIMUN construction is different from other wooden construction systems of the Japanese main island. Big beams which are dropped into primary posts are called "HIKIMUN".This study shows 10 HIKIMUN folk houses in mountainous, plains, and island areas. According to these survey results, this identified four types of HIKIMUN construction systems, two types of HIKIMUN joints, and three types of floor level joints. The study also clarifies the regional characteristics for each type.
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