A model for the piezoelectric and pyroelectric activities of 0-3 composites of ferroelectric particles in a linear matrix has been developed based on the polarization behavior of the inclusions. The model is applied to simulate the piezoelectric activity of a lead zirconate titanate/epoxy system polarized under different fields and the piezo-and the pyroelectric properties of lead titanate/ polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene 70/30 mol %͔ composites polarized with different poling times. The model predictions show reasonably good agreement with experimental data. The ability to predict the gross properties of 0-3 composites in terms of the poling field and poling time may be especially helpful in the making of practical composites with particular properties.

We model the polarization behavior of ferroelectric multilayered composite structures including the double layer and the triple layer under the action of variable fields. The model takes into consideration the ceramic/polymer interfacial charge and the nonlinear hysteresis nature of the ferroelectric constituent materials to study the poling process of multilayered structures. The results obtained are compared with available experimental results on double-layer lead zirconate titanate/ polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene and triple-layered triglycine sulphate/polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene/triglycine sulphate systems. In general the broad features of the experimental results were reproduced, and fairly good agreement between the predictions and the experimental results was found. The work also demonstrates that electrical conductivity in the ferroelectric materials is an important factor controlling the poling process.

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