A fiber-based triboelectric nanogenerator
(F-TENG) is an important
technology for smart wearables, where conductive materials and triboelectric
materials are two essential components for the F-TENG. However, the
different physicochemical properties between conductive metal materials
and organic triboelectric materials often lead to interfacial failure
problems, which is a great challenge for fabricating high-performance
and stable F-TENGs. Herein, we designed a new conductive composite
fiber (CCF) with customizable functionalities based on a core-spun
yarn coating approach, which was applicable for a fiber-based TENG
(CCF-TENG). By combing a core-spun method and a coating approach,
triboelectric materials could be better incorporated on the surface
of conductive fibers with the staple fibers to form a new composite
structure with enhanced interfacial properties. The applicability
of the method has been studied using different conductive and staple
fibers and coating materials as well as different CCF diameters. As
a demonstration, the open-circuit voltage and power density of the
CCF-TENG reached 117 V and 213 mW/m2, respectively. Moreover,
a 2D fabric TENG was woven and used as a wearable sensor for motion
detection. This work provided a new method for 1D composite fibers
with customizable functionalities for the applications in smart wearables.
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