Great expectations have been held for the electrochemical splitting of water for producing hydrogen as a significant carbon-neutral technology aimed at solving the global energy crisis and greenhouse gas issues. However, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process must be energetically catalyzed over a long period at high output, leading to challenges for efficient and stable processing of electrodes for practical purposes. Here, we first prepared Fe-MOF nanosheet arrays on nickel foam via rare-earth erbium doping (Er0.4 Fe-MOF/NF) and applied them as OER electrocatalysts. The Er0.4 Fe-MOF/NF exhibited wonderful OER performance and could yield a 100 mA cm−2 current density at an overpotential of 248 mV with outstanding long-term electrochemical durability for at least 100 h. At large current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm−2, overpotentials of only 297 mV and 326 mV were achieved, respectively, revealing its potential in industrial applications. The enhancement was attributed to the synergistic effects of the Fe and Er sites, with Er playing a supporting role in the engineering of the electronic states of the Fe sites to endow them with enhanced OER activity. Such a strategy of engineering the OER activity of Fe-MOF via rare-earth ion doping paves a new avenue to design other MOF catalysts for industrial OER applications.

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a primary patterned cicatricial alopecia that mostly affects postmenopausal women and causes frontotemporal hairline regression and eyebrow loss. Although the incidence of FFA has increased worldwide over the last decade, its etiology and pathology are still unclear. We cover the latest findings on its pathophysiology, including immunomodulation, neurogenic inflammation, and genetic regulation, to provide more alternatives for current clinical treatment. A persistent inflammatory response and immune privilege (IP) collapse develop and lead to epithelial hair follicle stem cells (eHFSCs) destruction and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the bulge area, which is the key process in FFA pathogenesis. Eventually, fibrous tissue replaces normal epithelial tissue and fills the entire hair follicle (HF). In addition, some familial reports and genome-wide association studies suggest a genetic susceptibility or epigenetic mechanism for the onset of FFA. The incidence of FFA increases sharply in postmenopausal women, and many FFA patients also suffer from female pattern hair loss in clinical observation, which suggests a potential association between FFA and steroid hormones. Sun exposure and topical allergens may also be triggers of FFA, but this conjecture has not been proven. More evidence and cohort studies are needed to help us understand the pathogenesis of this disease.

Heterojunction materials are promising candidates for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts to break the linear scaling relationship and lower the reaction barrier. However, the application of heterojunction materials is always hindered by the complicated multistep synthetic procedures which bring cost, complexity, and reproducibility issues. Herein, a strategy of kinetic controlled synthesis is developed to achieve the one-pot formation of bimetallic metal-organic framework (MOF)/layered double hydroxide (LDH) heterojunction electrodes as highly efficient OER electrocatalysts. The heterojunction electrodes present hierarchical structures with highly porous NiFe-LDH nanosheet networks vertically grown on the surface of NiFe-MOF-74 microprisms, promoting fast mass transport and high exposure of active sites. The strong interactions at the MOF/LDH heterojunction interfaces contribute to the outstanding OER activity surpassing the state-of-art RuO 2 OER catalysts. The MOF/LDH heterojunction electrode exhibits an ultralow overpotential of only 159.7 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm −2 , and yields large current densities at small overpotential (100 mA cm −2 at 230.2 mV and 1000 mA cm −2 at 284.3 mV) with long-term durability. This study presents an innovative approach to construct heterojunction materials with simple onestep synthesis, offering a promising pathway for high-efficiency electrocatalyst development.

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Development of robust alkaline oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts is crucial for the efficiency of water splitting. Herein, Fe-MOF nanocones array on nickel foam are synthesized by introducing sodium hypochlorite, leading to Cl substitution of terephthalic acid in Fe-MOFs (Fe-MOF-Cl/NF). Experimental results show that Fe-MOF-Cl/NF exhibits enhanced OER activity over Fe-MOF/NF, lowering η 50 from 292.4 to 222.7 mV. In combination with density function theory calculations, the improved OER performance is attributed to engineering electronic structure of Fe sites which accelerate the third step from *O to *OOH, and promote OER kinetics. Additionally, Fe-MOF-Cl/NF can retain catalytic activity for 100 h.