Conformational characteristics of poly(ethylene sulfide) (PES), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and their oligomeric model compounds have been investigated by the rotational isomeric state (RIS) analysis of ab initio molecular orbital (MO) calculations, NMR vicinal coupling constants, characteristic ratios, and dipole moment ratios. Conformational energies of PES were determined from 1 H and 13 C NMR vicinal constants of its monomeric model compound, 1,2-bis(methylthio)ethane (BMTE), and ab initio MO calculations for BMTE at the B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) and MP2/6-311+G-(3df,2p)//HF/6-31G(d) levels. By the NMR analysis, the firs-order interaction energies for the gauche states around the C-C and C-S bonds, designated as E σ and EF respectively, were evaluated as follows: in benzene, Eσ ) 0.41 kcal mol -1 and EF ) -0.74 kcal mol -1 ; in chloroform, Eσ ) 0.31 kcal mol -1 and EF ) -0.41 kcal mol -1 . The C-C and C-S bonds were shown to prefer the trans and gauche conformations, respectively. These tendencies are consistent with the MO calculations: B3LYP, Eσ ) 1.39 kcal mol -1 and EF ) -0.24 kcal mol -1 ; MP2, Eσ ) 0.89 kcal mol -1 and EF ) -0.41 kcal mol -1 . Inasmuch as the MO calculations represent gaseous BMTE, the conformational energies were indicated to have large solvent dependence. Ab initio MO calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) and MP2/6-311+G-(3df,2p)//HF/6-31G(d) levels and by the complete basis set (CBS-Q) method were carried out for 1,2dimethoxyethane (DME), a model compound of PEO. All of the MO calculations showed the presence of the (C-H)‚‚‚O attraction in the g ( gconformations for the C-C/C-O bond pairs. The MP2 calculations gave the first-order interaction energies (Eσ and EF) for the gauche states around the C-C and C-O bonds as 0.32 and 1.22 kcal mol -1 , respectively. The conformational energy Eω representing the (C-H)‚‚‚O interaction was evaluated as -1.12 kcal mol -1 . In the RIS scheme, bond conformations of PEO in 1,4-dioxane and dipole moment ratios of PEO in benzene were simultaneously simulated, and the conformational energies of PEO in nonpolar organic solvents were determined: Eσ ) -0.25, EF ) 1.17, and Eω ) -0.79 kcal mol -1 . Ours and Abe and Mark's data [Eσ ) -0.5, EF ) 0.9, and Eω ) 0.4 kcal mol -1 ,

Conformational characteristics of poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) have been investigated by a rotational isomeric state (RIS) analysis of ab initio molecular orbital (MO) calculations and 1H and 13C NMR experiments for a monomeric model compound, N,N ‘-dimethylethylenediamine (di-MEDA). From the MO and NMR data, it was shown that the C−C and C−N bonds of di-MEDA have high gauche (71−93%) and trans (64−86%) preferences, respectively. Conformational energies of PEI were determined from the MO calculations for di-MEDA at the MP2/6-311++G(3df, 3pd)//HF/6-31G(d) level. The high gauche stability in the C−C bond was indicated to stem from a moderate and a weak intramolecular N−H···N hydrogen bonds; the interaction energies were evaluated as −1.54 and −0.58 kcal mol-1, respectively. The RIS scheme including rotational and inversional isomerizations was developed and applied to PEI to evaluate the chain dimension and diad probabilities. With the conformational energies determined as above, the characteristic ratio and meso-diad probability of PEI at 25 °C were calculated to be 2.9 and 0.63, respectively. In polar and protic solvents, the intramolecular hydrogen bonds are weakened, and consequently the PEI chain extends. Branching effects on the conformation were investigated from MO and NMR analysis for monomeric model compounds of branched PEI, N, N,N ‘-trimethylethylenediamine and N, N,N ‘ ,N ‘-tetramethylethylenediamine; the gauche preference in the C−C bonds, due to the hydrogen bonds, is reduced with increasing number of methyl groups. Ab initio MO calculations were carried out for the double-stranded helix found in anhydrous PEI crystal. The PEI chain was indicated to adopt the isotactic form exclusively. The natural bond orbital analysis showed that intermolecular N−H···N hydrogen bonds are formed between paired chains of the double helix. The enthalpy of association per repeating unit was estimated to be −3.6 kcal mol-1 at the MP2/6-311+G(2d,p)//HF/6-31G(d) level.

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Conformational analysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) (PEN) has been carried out by the refined rotational isomeric state (RIS) scheme coupled with ab initio molecular orbital (MO) calculations for a model compound, ethylene glycol dibenzoate (EGDB). 1H and 13C NMR experiments for unlabeled and 13C-labeled EGDBs yielded bond conformations of the central O−CH2−CH2−O bond sequence. The MO calculations satisfactorily reproduced not only the experimental bond conformations but also the dipole moment and molar Kerr constant observed from EGDB. The aromatic ring and ester group of EGDB render its intramolecular interactions more complicated than those of poly(ethylene oxide) with the same O−CH2−CH2−O bonds; CO···H−C and C−O···H−C close contacts and dipole−dipole interactions are simultaneously formed in EGDB. The characteristic ratio of PET, derived from the refined RIS calculations using the MO energies for EGDB, exactly agree with those determined from small angle neutron scattering experiments for the melt. Thermodynamic quantities on PET and PEN, evaluated from the RIS calculations, have well characterized melting and crystallization behaviors of these polyesters.