By using the pink-color sign for endoscopic diagnosis, accurate diagnosis without endoscopic biopsy for iodine-unstained areas was possible.

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Sofosbuvir and RBV therapy is highly effective and safe for genotype 2 HCV-infected Japanese patients. However, attention should be paid to baseline renal function when SOF- and RBV-containing regimens are used for patients with renal dysfunction.

Ability of shoot regeneration from cotyledonary explants of rapeseed (B. napus) was surveyed for 100 cultivars. Effects of explant age and plant growth regulators were determined before screening the genotypes. The optimal condition required 4-day-old cotyledons as explant and 4.0 mg/l benzylaminopurine as plant growth regulator. Gas-permeable tape as sealing material was more effective for shoot regeneration than Parafilm. When testing cultivars, shoot regeneration response was strongly influenced by genotype with a range of variation from 97% (percentage of explants regenerating shoots) in 'Arabella' and 'Norin 26' to 0% in 'Norin 18' and 'Norin 30'. The response was not dependent on origin and cropping type (spring vs. winter type). The ability of shoot regeneration was not related to that of microspore embryogenesis. The regenerants rooted on medium containing 2.0 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid and after planting in soil flowered and set seeds. Histological studies showed that shoot meristems developed in callus which had grown from the vascular bundle tissue within 8 days.

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Magnifying endoscopy may be useful for target biopsy of superficial gastric MALT lymphoma in clinical management.

Preoperative administration of omeprazole offers no additional benefit over postoperative administration alone in the prevention of bleeding after ESD among elderly Japanese people.