Some amorphous Fe-Cr-P-C coating films having high hardness and high corrosion resistance have been produced by a newly developed thermal spraying technique. In order to control the temperatures of the powder particles in the flame spray and the substrate, a newly developed cylindrical nozzle, with external cooling nitrogen gas, was mounted to the front end of the thermal spraying gun. Fe 70 Cr 10 P 13 C 7 films with various external cooling gas velocities between 20 m/s and 40 m/s exhibited entire amorphous structure without oxides and/or unmelted particles. Corrosion-resistance of the films was observed in immersion tests using various corrosive liquids. An amorphous film was formed on the surface of the shaft sleeve of the slurry pump by using the cylindrical nozzle. This shaft sleeve was installed in the slurry pump of chemical fertilizer maker's production line and the life test was done under the real operation condition for two months.

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Electrical conductance of thin Ni films, deposited on insulating SiO2 substrates, was investigated for the initial stage of magnetron sputtering for the purpose of optimize control of catalyst particles sizes of carbon nanotubes. The conductance was not proportional to the deposition time in the early phase of deposition. The conductance rapidly increased, after a period of near-insulating behavior from the start of deposition, and thereafter the increase of conductance was almost proportional to the total deposition duration. The period of near-insulating behavior and the rapid increase of conductance in the early deposition phase were attributed to growth of island structures in the initial deposition and formation of a continuous film through the connection of islands. The effect of base vacuum pressure prior to sputtering deposition also was investigated by conductance measurements. It was demonstrated that measuring electrical conductance during sputtering deposition was a convenient tool to examine the structures in the deposited film.

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After blanking and bending to form parts with the desired shape, high‐carbon steels are quenched and tempered to produce various machine parts. Thus, the spheroidization, formability and hardenability are very important properties for high‐carbon steels. Thermo‐Mechanical control Process of rolling has been widely used in the steel industry. However, it is difficult to apply this process to high‐carbon steels because of the heavy rolling load. Thus, fine‐grained high‐carbon hot strips were developed through high‐reduction and low‐temperature rolling by using single roll rolling mills with different diameters and laminar flow cooling devices in the finishing train, the grain size of these steels was about 3 microns. Also developed annealed strips with fine homogeneously dispersed spheroidal cementite had many excellent characteristics. For example, burring formability investigated by the hole‐expanding and surface hardness evaluated by laser hardening of the developed high‐carbon annealed steels, were excellent.