We aimed to analyze parameters of pulmonary function and physiological, psychological, and physical factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receiving pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and music therapy (MT). [Participants and Methods] This randomized crossover comparative study included in-patients diagnosed with COPD and a ratio of forced expiratory volume measured at the first second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) of <70% after administration of a bronchodilator. Patients were randomly divided into two groups that received either PR only or MT and PR (n=13 each). The PR program included conditioning, respiratory muscle training, and endurance training, whereas the MT program included vocal, singing, and breathing exercises using a keyboard harmonica. The programs lasted 8 weeks, in which pre-and post-intervention data were compared every 4 weeks. [Results] The FEV1/FVC in the MT group improved after the intervention. Expiratory volume control was obtained better with feedback by sound than with expiration practice. In the MT and PR program, it was easier to adjust the timing and volume of breathing, obtain expiratory volume control, and, thus, improve FEV1/FVC than in conventional practice. [Conclusion] Combining MT with PR improves parameters of pulmonary function in patients with COPD. Music therapy is a novel approach that, in combination with PR, may be used in COPD management.
Rhythm tapping tasks are often used to explore temporal reproduction abilities. Many studies utilizing rhythm tapping tasks are conducted to evaluate temporal processing abilities with neurological impairments and neurodegenerative disorders. Among sensorimotor and cognitive disorders, rhythm processing abilities in constructional apraxia, a deficit in achieving visuospatial constructional activities, has not been evaluated. This study aimed to examine the rhythm tapping ability of patients with constructional apraxia after a stroke. Twenty-four patients were divided into two groups: with and without constructional apraxia. There were 11 participants in the constructional apraxia group and 13 in the without constructional apraxia group. The synchronization-continuation paradigm was employed in which a person performs a synchronized tapping activity to a metronome beat and continues tapping after the beat has stopped. For statistical analysis, a three-way mixed analysis of variance (2 × 2 × 3) was conducted. The factors were groups (with and without constructional apraxia), tapping tasks (synchronization and continuation), and inter-stimulus intervals (600, 750, and 1000 ms). A significant effect of group factor was found (F[1,132] = 16.62; p < 0.001). Patients in the without constructional apraxia group were able to more accurately reproduce intervals than those in the constructional apraxia group. Moreover, a significant effect of tapping tasks was found (F[1,132] = 8.22; p < 0.01). Intervals were reproduced more accurately for synchronization tasks than continuation tasks. There was no significant inter-stimulus interval effect. Overall, these results suggest that there might be a relation between temporal and spatial reproductions in a wide spectrum of processing levels, from sensory perception to cognitive function.
Purpose] The aim of this study was to investigate whether a mental rotation task of the foot influences postural control.[Subjects] The participants were 12 healthy adults. [Method] We checked the effect using three different postural conditions: bipedal with the eyes open, bipedal with the eyes closed, and unipedal. The participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group performed mental rotation of the foot, while the control group performed a simple lateral judgement task. [Result] Comparison of the postural sway prior to and after the intervention showed that postural sway was significantly reduced after the intervention in the unipedal condition but not in the bipedal with eyes open and closed conditions.[Conclusion] These findings suggest that the intervention of a mental rotation task facilitates body awareness and reduces postural sway in one-legged standing.
Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the spatial coincidence of body parts during action observation improves motor imagery. [Participants and Methods] The participants were 24 right-handed healthy adults (15 males, 9 females, 21.3 ± 4 years old) who were randomly assigned to 3 groups: the proximal observation group, AON group; the distal observation group, AOF group; and a control group). The motor imagery task of this study was mental rotation of the hand (HMRT), and the reaction time was measured. First, HMRT was performed, then each group was observed for hand movement under different conditions. Finally, HMRT was performed again after action observation.[Results] There were no significant differences among the reaction times of the 3 groups before observation, but in the results after observation, the reaction time was significantly faster in the AON group than in the AOF and control groups. [Conclusion] The position of the body during action observation may affect motor imagery ability. 要旨: 〔目的〕運動観察時の身体部位の空間的一致度は運動イメージを向上させるかを調べるために本研究を実施した. 〔対象と方法〕右利きの健常成人 24 名(男性 15 名,女性 9 名,21.3 ± 4 歳)を対象とし,PC でランダムに 3 群(近 位観察群:AON 群・遠位観察群:AOF 群・対照群)に振り分けた.課題は手の心的回転課題(HMRT)とし,反応 時間を測定した.はじめに HMRT を行わせ,各群に対し異なった条件で運動観察を行わせた.運動観察後に HMRT を実施した. 〔結果〕観察前では 3 群で反応時間に有意差はみられなかったが, 観察後の結果では AON 群は AOF 群・ 対照群よりも有意に反応時間が早かった. 〔結語〕運動観察中の身体位置は運動イメージ能力に影響を与える可能性 が考えられた. キーワード:運動観察,運動イメージ,身体位置 1) 日本医療科学大学 リハビリテーション学科 理学療法学専攻:埼玉県入間郡毛呂山町下川原 1276 (〒 350-0435) TEL 049-294-9000 受付日 2019 年 8 月 5 日 受理日 2019 年 9 月 15 日
This retrospective study aimed to investigate the relationship between musical and linguistic abilities in patients with aphasia. We reviewed the clinical records of 32 stroke patients with aphasia admitted to subacute rehabilitation units between May 2014 and August 2018. We analyzed the results of melody and rhythm reproduction tests and subtests of auditory comprehension and speech sections in the Standard Language Test of Aphasia SLTA collected upon admission and discharge. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient rs was used to analyze the correlation between 1 the increase in melody reproduction test scores and SLTA auditory comprehension subtest scores, 2 the increase in melody reproduction test scores and SLTA speech subtest scores, 3 the increase in rhythm reproduction test scores and SLTA auditory comprehension subtest scores, and 4 the increase in rhythm reproduction test scores and SLTA speech subtest scores. There were significant positive correlations between melody reproduction and auditory comprehension subtest scores on the SLTA : word comprehension n 14, rs 0.57, p 0.05 and following verbal instructions n 31, rs 0.42, p 0.05 . An SLTA speech subtest score action naming was positively correlated with rhythm reproduction n 31, rs 0.44, p 0.05 . This study implies that melody reproduction ability is related to auditory comprehension and that rhythm reproduction ability is related to speech production in patients with aphasia after experiencing a stroke.
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