Batteries are a key technology in modern society. They are used to power electric and hybrid electric vehicles and to store wind and solar energy in smart grids. Electrochemical devices with high energy and power densities can currently be powered only by batteries with organic liquid electrolytes. However, such batteries require relatively stringent safety precautions, making large-scale systems very complicated and expensive. The application of solid electrolytes is currently limited because they attain practically useful conductivities (10(-2) S cm(-1)) only at 50-80 °C, which is one order of magnitude lower than those of organic liquid electrolytes. Here, we report a lithium superionic conductor, Li(10)GeP(2)S(12) that has a new three-dimensional framework structure. It exhibits an extremely high lithium ionic conductivity of 12 mS cm(-1) at room temperature. This represents the highest conductivity achieved in a solid electrolyte, exceeding even those of liquid organic electrolytes. This new solid-state battery electrolyte has many advantages in terms of device fabrication (facile shaping, patterning and integration), stability (non-volatile), safety (non-explosive) and excellent electrochemical properties (high conductivity and wide potential window).

Although the effects of sustained jawclosing activities on somatosensory sensitivity and fatigue have been investigated, the effects of sustained jawopening activities on somatosensory sensitivity in the masticatory muscles remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of sustained jaw opening (e.g. during dental treatment) on fatigue, pressure pain sensations, and stiffness in the masticatory muscles.A total of 35 healthy volunteers performed 30 minutes each of two jaw motor tasks, with a 1week interval between tasks: unassisted jaw opening and jaw opening assisted by a mouth prop set at the right tooth. The pressure pain threshold (PPT) and muscle stiffness of the left masseter were measured before and after both jaw motor tasks (at 0 and 30 minutes) . Masticatory muscle fatigue was measured every 10 minutes (at 0, 10, 20, and 30 minutes) during each jaw motor task.No significant differences in the PPT were found between before and after the assisted jawopening task, but the PPT was significantly lower after compared with before unassisted jaw opening (P < 0.05) . No significant differences in left masseter muscle stiffness were found between any measurement point in either jaw motor task. Masticatory muscle fatigue was significantly higher after 10, 20, and 30 minutes of each jaw motor task compared with that at baseline (0 minutes) . However, no significant differences in masticatory muscle fatigue were found at any measurement point between both jaw motor tasks.The present results suggest that sustained jaw opening during dental treatment may affect pressure pain sensations in the masticatory muscles. In addition, masticatory muscle pain due to sustained jaw opening seems to be affected not only by jawopening but also jawclosing muscle (masseter muscle) .

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