In this paper, the formulation of the analysis based on the finite element method is presented for the first time for an anisotropic dielectric grating. By this analysis method, the diffraction characteristics of a plane wave by an anisotropic dielectric grating with an arbitrary shape can be computed easily. The finite element method is applied to the region corresponding to one period containing an anisotropic dielectric grating. The analytical relationships are applied to the boundaries on the incident and transmitted sides while the periodic boundary condition is applied to all other boundaries. Specifically, an index modulated grating and a groove grating are chosen for the analysis of the diffraction characteristics when the TE and TM waves are coupled. From the comparison with the analysis results by the coupled-mode theory and the spatial harmonic expansion method, the validity of the present method is confirmed.
As a simple method for evaluating the reflection and transmission characteristics of a grating waveguide, an analysis procedure is proposed and formulated that is a combination of the coupled‐mode theory and the finite‐element method. The finite‐element method is used for the determination of the coupling coefficients in the coupled‐mode equations. Therefore, the present method is capable of analyzing a grating waveguide with an arbitrary shape. In addition, the energy storage effect of the nonpropagating modes is automatically included. Specifically, an index‐modulation type grating reflector is analyzed so that the validity of the method is confirmed. Also, the present method is applied to the design of a grooved grating reflector so that its usefulness is demonstrated.
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