The cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent biological mediators in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, in

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We consider wavelength routing networks with and without wavelength converters, and several wavelength allocation policies. We show through numerical and simulation results that the blocking probabilities for the random wavelength allocation and the circuit-switched case provide upper and lower bounds on the blocking probabilities for two wavelength allocation policies that are most likely to be used in practice, namely, most-used and first-fit allocation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that using the most-used or first-fit policies has an effect on call blocking probabilities that is equivalent to employing converters at a number of nodes in a network with the random allocation policy.These results have been obtained for a wide range of loads for both single-path and general mesh topology networks. The main conclusion of our work is that the gains obtained by employing specialized and expensive hardware (namely, wavelength converters) can be realized cost-effectively by making more intelligent choices in software (namely, the wavelength allocation policy).

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Continuous-flow reactor experiments were carried out to study coke formation from thermal cracking of home-made jet fuel RP-3 under supercritical conditions. The mechanism and precursor of coke forming were analyzed. The starting cracking temperature of RP-3 fuel was determined to be 471.8uC by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Temperature-programmed oxidation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations of the stressed tubes showed that there are three different coke species including chemisorbed carbon, amorphous carbon and filamentous coke in the solid deposits. More than 90% of coke deposits are carried away by the supercritical fluid, which has strong capabilities of extraction for coke deposits and their precursors. There were 17.1 wt-% of iron and 11.1 wt-% of chromium found on the coke surface detected by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) which suggests carburetion on alloy. RP-3 fuel and its cracking liquids were analyzed by GC-MS,which showed that the content of alkyl benzene and alkyl naphthalene increased evidently in cracking liquids.

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In wireless sensor networks, most of the previous NLOS identification is based on error estimation model established by raw data. In this paper, we propose a method of NLOS identification named NIMQ based on multidimensional scaling (MDS) and Quasi-Accurate detection (QUAD). In this method, we first map NLOS information into gross error information by MDS, then we use QUAD to identify the gross errors which contain the NLOS information. This method relies only on distance measurements and is independent of the measured error estimation model. In addition, using the network topology constraints in higher dimensional space, the identified distance can be corrected by multiple iterations. Finally, an NLOS iterating correction algorithm (NICA) is proposed. Simulations show that in different scenarios our proposed NIMQ and NICA can well identify and correct NLOS measurement.INDEX TERMS NLOS identification, NLOS correction, MDS, gross error.