Aim To analyze changes in peripheral blood monocytes and their clinical significance in patients with early stage of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). Methods A total of 27 patients with early stage of IMN and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for the study. The monocyte subset counts in circulation were measured by flow cytometry, and serum interleukin- (IL-) 10 and IL-12 concentrations were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The potential association between clinical signs and monocyte subset counts was analyzed statistically. Results Compared with the HCs, the patients with early stage of IMN had higher counts of CD14+CD163+, CD14+CD163+CD206+, and CD14+CD163+CD206+CD115+ M2-like monocytes. The CD14+CD163+CD206+ M2-like cell counts and intracellular IL-10 concentrations in the monocytes were positively correlated with progression in proteinuria. The levels of serum IL-10 were significantly higher in early IMN patients than in the HCs. Furthermore, CD14+CD163+CD206+ M2-like cell counts in the patients with incipient IMN were also positively related with 24 h urinary albumin levels and the values of serum M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R). Conclusion CD14+CD163+CD206+ M2-like monocytes may contribute to the pathologic process in early-stage IMN and could serve as potential markers for evaluating the disease severity.
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate lymphocytes that play a specific role in autoimmune diseases. In particular, the frequency and phenotype of MAIT cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis is not fully understood. Our study examines the frequency and phenotype of MAIT cells sorted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from 53 cases of patients and 44 healthy control.Compared with the healthy control group, the frequency of circulating CD3 + MAIT cells, CD3 + CD8 + MAIT cells, CD4 + CD69 + MAIT and CD8 + CD69 + MAIT cells in psoriasis patients was significantly increased (p < 0.05). While the proportion of CD3 + CD4 + MAIT cells was decreased. Correlations between IL-15 and PASI scores and activated MAIT cells revealed a potential role of MAIT cells in the development of psoriasis. IL-15 was positively correlated with both CD4 + CD69 + MAIT and CD8 + CD69 + MAIT cells. Activated CD3 + MAIT cells and activated CD8 + MAIT cells in patients' serum were both positively correlated with patients' PASI scores, while activated CD4 + MAIT cells and PASI scores were negatively correlated .Our results suggest that the abnormal phenotype of MAIT cells in patients with psoriasis parallels the progression of the disease. These abnormalities may lead to skin and systemic immune disorders in patients with psoriasis.
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