Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) is a ubiquitous enzyme involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal, a cytotoxic byproduct of glycolysis that induces apoptosis. In this study, we found that GLO1 gene expression correlates with neoplasm histologic grade (χ2
test, p = 0.002) and is elevated in human basal-like breast cancer tissues. Approximately 90% of basal-like cancers were grade 3 tumors highly expressing both GLO1 and the cancer stem cell marker ALDH1A3. ALDH1high cells derived from the MDA-MB 157 and MDA-MB 468 human basal-like breast cancer cell lines showed elevated GLO1 activity. GLO1 inhibition using TLSC702 suppressed ALDH1high cell viability as well as the formation of tumor-spheres by ALDH1high cells. GLO1 knockdown using specific siRNAs also suppressed ALDH1high cell viability, and both TLSC702 and GLO1 siRNA induced apoptosis in ALDH1high cells. These results suggest GLO1 is essential for the survival of ALDH1-positive breast cancer stem cells. We therefore conclude that GLO1 is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of basal-like breast cancers.
For any second countable locally compact group G, we construct a simple G-C *algebra whose full and reduced crossed product norms coincide. We then construct its Gequivariant representation on another simple G-C * -algebra without the coincidence condition. This settles two problems posed by Anantharaman-Delaroche in 2002. Some constructions involve the Baire category theorem.2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 46L55, Secondary 46L05, 54H20.
Practically and intrinsically, inclusions of operator algebras are of fundamental interest. The subject of this paper is intermediate operator algebras of inclusions. There are two previously known theorems which naturally and completely describe all intermediate operator algebras: the Galois Correspondence Theorem and the Tensor Splitting Theorem. Here we establish the third, new complete description theorem which gives a canonical bijective correspondence between intermediate operator algebras and intermediate extensions of dynamical systems. One can also regard this theorem as a crossed product splitting theorem, analogous to the Tensor Splitting Theorem. We then give concrete applications, particularly to maximal amenability problem and a new realization result of intermediate operator algebra lattice.2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 46L05, 46L10, Secondary 46L55, 54H20.
A male preponderance of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been reported in European countries and the USA. To verify this issue in Japanese patients with PD, we examined the age- and gender-specific prevalence of PD in Yamagata Prefecture (population 1,244,040), Japan. The prevalence of PD was 61.3/100,000 men and 91.0/100,000 women, showing that women were significantly more affected by PD than men (p < 0.001). Contrary to the findings in Europe and the USA, the results indicate a female preponderance of PD among the Japanese population.
We extend Matui's notion of almost finiteness to generalétale groupoids and show that the reduced groupoid C * -algebras of minimal almost finite groupoids have stable rank one. The proof follows a new strategy, which can be regarded as a local version of the large subalgebra argument.The following three are the main consequences of our result. (i) For any group of (local) subexponential growth and for any its minimal action admitting a totally disconnected free factor, the crossed product has stable rank one. (ii) Any countable amenable group admits a minimal action on the Cantor set all whose minimal extensions form the crossed product of stable rank one. (iii) For any amenable group, the crossed product of the universal minimal action has stable rank one.2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 46L05, Secondary 54H20.
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