In order to realize the full-spectrum lighting, excellent blue-cyan phosphors which can be excited by violet LED chips are particularly important to compensate the spectral cyan gap. Herein, we report...
A 1500-µm-diameter silicon/silicon nitride 3D scan mirror has been built using MEMS technology. It is capable of static and dynamic beam scanning achieved with a bi-axial gimbal. A gold-coated deformable membrane at the center of the device provides both focus control (z-axis) and spherical aberration correction. This architecture is able to move the focus of a laser beam throughout a three-dimensional space with a single optical surface, and is referred as a 3D scan mirror. This mirror will be incorporated into a miniature confocal laser scanning microscope for biomedical insitu imaging applications. In this paper we describe the 3D scan mirror design, fabrication and characterization as well as its target application.
BACKGROUND: Heortia vitessoides Moore is a severe pest of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg, an important source of agarwood. In recent years, large amounts of chemical insecticides have been applied in A. sinensis plantations to deal with the outbreak of H. vitessoides, causing residue problems that reduce the quality and price of agarwood. Herein, we hypothesize that the widely applied biocontrol agent, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin, can effectively kill the gregarious larvae of H. vitessoides through direct contact and horizontal transmission. RESULTS: At the concentration of 1 × 10 9 conidia/mL, the three M. anisopliae strains caused 100% mortality of H. vitessoides larvae. In addition, mixing donor larvae (previously treated with M. anisopliae conidia) with receptor larvae (which did not directly contact M. anisopliae conidia) caused significantly higher mortality of receptor larvae than the control receptors. This is due to the horizontal transmission of M. anisopliae conidia among live larvae, which was proven by pictures taken by scanning electron microscopy and induced activities of immunity-related enzymes of donor and receptor larvae. Behavioral bioassays showed that M. anisopliae conidia had little effect on the aggregation tendency of H. vitessoides larvae but may trigger feeding-avoidance behavior depending on M. anisopliae strains and concentrations. Interestingly, joint use of sublethal concentrations of M. anisopliae and chemical insecticides significantly increased larval mortality than each agent alone, indicating synergistic effects between M. anisopliae and insecticide against H. vitessoides.CONCLUSION: This study may provide a new strategy to suppress H. vitessoides population and reduce the use of chemical insecticides.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.