In the present paper, the possibility of occurrence of HDDR (hydrogenation disproportionation desorption recombination) phenomena were studied in an Au-2 mass%Mg alloy. Cathodic hydrogen-charging at R.T. in the alloy resulted in causing disproportionation reaction which formed MgH 2 embedded in an Au matrix. After the heat-treatment in vacuum for 4 h at 500 C, MgH 2 decomposed into Mg and hydrogen. Mg resolved into Au matrix phase again. The original Au-Mg solid-solution alloys with size of 20-100 nm fine grains were obtained. This is the first observation of occurrence of HDDR phenomena in the Au-Mg alloys. The HDDR treated sample shows the slightly higher hardness in comparing with those of as-quenched samples.
[Purpose] This study aimed to utilize the objective measurements and a survey
questionnaire for assessing the intra- and inter-rater reliability, measurement time, and
usability of a smartphone application type of goniometer to measure the hip joint angles.
[Participants and Methods] Three examiners (physiotherapists) measured the hip joint range
of motion using universal and smartphone goniometers on 30 daycare center rehabilitation
patients. Reliability was calculated using the intra-class correlation coefficient. The
examiners completed a questionnaire survey for assessing the usability of the goniometers.
[Results] The intra-rater reliability was high, but the inter-rater reliability was low.
Measurement times using the two instruments showed no difference. The usability
questionnaire findings suggested that the smartphone goniometer was easier to use than the
universal goniometer. [Conclusion] Reliability within the raters was high, but reliability
among the raters was low. However, both goniometric devices provided a satisfactory range
of motion measurement data when a single evaluator used the same device for all
measurements.
To conduct a systematic review of smartphone application measurement methods, and their validity and reliability of joint range of motion (SG) measurements. [Participants and Methods] The PubMed, Cochrane and medical databases were searched, and studies meeting the eligibility criteria were qualitatively analyzed using the Quality Appraisal of Reliability Studies (QAREL) to confirm their quality. [Results] Out of the 612 studies retrieved, 57 studies met the eligibility criteria. The quality of the studies was moderate. Thirty-seven studies used manual fixation, 16 armband fixing, and 8 image sensor-based methods. There were no studies in which all joints were measured with a single application. [Conclusion] It was clear that methodologies differed between studies even when the same application was used.
While there are reports on the reliability of the universal goniometer (UG) and smartphone application goniometer (SG), there have been no reports on user impressions when using these devices. In this study, impressions of users of UG and SG that are used in clinical practice were clarified and reliability was compared. Questionnaires on user impressions were administered to 13 staff members who work in the clinical field. Measurements in the hip and knee joints of seven participants were taken by three testers, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were obtained to assess reliability. Results showed that SG was superior in terms of appearance, weight, texture, portability, usability, versatility and readout. SG was inferior in terms of setting up measurement axes. However, SG demonstrated high reliability even when compared to UG. The intra-and inter-rater ICC were 0.51 to 0.89 and 0.65 to 0.75, respectively.
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