Marine environment monitoring has attracted more and more attention due to the growing concern about climate change. During the past couple of decades, advanced information and communication technologies have been applied to the development of various marine environment monitoring systems. Among others, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been playing an important role in this area. This paper presents a review of the application of the Internet of Things in the field of marine environment monitoring. New technologies including advanced Big Data analytics and their applications in this area are briefly reviewed. It also discusses key research challenges and opportunities in this area, including the potential application of IoT and Big Data in marine environment protection.
The crystallization of alpha-lactose monohydrate in a continuous cooling crystallizer was investigated at various temperatures and supersaturations. The population balance model was used to analyze the product crystal size distribution as determined by the Coulter MultiSizer for each condition studied. Nucleation and growth values were thereby determined for each temperature and supersaturation. Kinetic models were then developed for both nucleation and growth to demonstrate the effects of the operating parameters. The results showed that the nucleation process had a temperature dependence with an activation energy of 17.0 kcal/mole and that nucleation increased with the 1.9 power of supersaturation and the 1.0 power of the suspension density (mass of crystals). The growth process was found to have a temperature dependence with an activation cncrgy of 22.1 kcahmole and to be a second order function of the supersaturation.
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